20 DR. C. F, SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



5. Conical papillaB short and thick on the anterior part of the 

 dorsum. 



6. Conical papillre at the base of the tongue large, soft, and 

 pointed. 



7. Lateral organs distinct. 



8. Sublingual fold bifid. 



The Hoolock Gibbon {H. hoolock). 

 (Specimen No. J. 357.2, Mus. R.C.S.) 



The tongue is short, compact, and rough, and tapers from base 

 to apex (text-fig. 6). 



The apex is rounded and has no mesial notch. It bears conical 

 and fungiform papillae, but the latter are small and inconspicuous. 

 The lateral borders ai-e the same as in >S'. syndactylus, but are 

 shorter. 



The Papillge. 



The papillae have the usual general distribution, but there is 

 no smooth non-papillary area at the base as in S. syndactylus. 



The Circumvallate PapiUce. 



There are four vallate papillfe arranged in the Y-form. Two 

 are mesial, and there is a right and a left lateral papilla 

 (text-fig. 6). 



The right and left lateral papillse are level with the centi-al 

 laminfe and sulci of the lateral organs. They are circular on 

 plan and conical on elevation, the narrow ends being attached to 

 the bottoms of the fossae. The fossae are plain, and the Valiums 

 are lobulated and surrounded by conical papillae. 



The two mesial papillae (text-figs. 6 & 9, 19) are close together. 

 The anterior one is circular and the posterior one is oval on plan, 

 and both are conical on elevation with the broad ends free. 

 Both lie within a depression surrounded by a prominent lobu- 

 lated ridge of mucosa, and the space between them and the latter 

 is crowded with small cylindrical conical papillae. The fossae are 

 not very prominent. All around the common rampart there are 

 conical papillfe. 



The Fungiform PapiUce. 

 The fungiform papillae are disposed over the whole of the 

 anterior two-thirds of the dersum. As many of them are con- 

 cealed by the conical papillae, it is necessary to employ a lens to 

 detect them all. The largest ones on the dorsiwi are immediately 

 in front of the vallate papillte, but all the others are small. 

 There are few on the lateral borders of the tongue. On the 

 papillary zone of the inferior surface they are larger than any- 

 where else. They occupy most of the zone beneath the apex, but 

 farther back they are arranged in an irregular double row, on 

 which some of the papilL-e are hemispherical and others are 



