AXD ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF IISTDIAK OLIGOCHETA. 141 



Finally, I do not think that Michaelsen's view that India 

 was, in the past, divided by stretches of sea — shallow arms of 

 the sea — into a number of disconnected islands, is necessaiy. 

 A number of Indian genera do show, as he remai-ks, a limitation 

 more or less definite to certain tracts of the country. These 

 are Megascolex and NotoscoJex, to the south of the ]3eninsula 

 and Ceylon ; Drawirla, though this genus can now scarcely be 

 said to be even roughly limited to the south ; Eittyphceus, to the 

 Gaiigetic plain ; Eudicho(jaster, to a broad belt across the 

 middle; and perhaps 1 1 ojdochadella, to western India. Perionyx 

 has not now the strict limitation to the Himalaj^an region that 

 was previously thought ; noi' is Octockoitus limited to anv one 

 part of the country — it seems to occur throughout. It is, on the 

 whole, the youngest genera that are limited in distribution, 

 and it would seem possible to explain this by supposing thatthev 

 have not as yet had time to spread very wideh^, rather than that 

 their dispersal has been hindered by arms of the sea. The con- 

 clusions of geology, moreover, seem to be against Michaelsen's 

 view. " It has been conclusively proved that the peninsula of 

 India lias never been beneath, the sea since the Carboniferous 

 period at least." (Encyc. Britt., xi. ed., art. Asia, section 

 Geology.) 



References to Literature cited in Articles II. and III. 



1. Beddaed, p. E. — A Textbook of Zoogeography. Cambridge, 1895. 



2. „ Earthworms and their Allies. Cambridge, 1912. 



3. Ee^-iiam, W. B. — On some new Specie.s of Aquatic 01igocli<eta from New- 



Zealand. Proc. Zool. Soc, ii. 1903. 



4. „ Eeport on the OligochEeta, in : The Subantarctic Islands of 



New Zealand, vol. i. Wellington, N.Z., 1909. 



5. Matthew, W. D. — Climate and Evolution. Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci., vol. wiv. 



1915. 



6. MiCHAEtSEN, W. — Oligochseta, in : Das Tierreich. Berlin, 1900. 



7. „ r>ie geographische Verbreitung der Oligochiiten. Berlin, 



1903. 



8. „ Die Oligochasten der deutschen Tief-See E.xpedition, in : 



Deutsche Siidpolar Expedition, Ergebnisse, vol. iii. 1905. 



9. „ Oligochasta. in : Die Fauna Siid-We.st Australiens, vol. i. 



Jena, 1907. 



10. „ The OligochEeta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma, and the 



Andaman Islands. Mem. Ind. AIus., vol. i. ]909. 



11. , Die Oligochatenfaunadervorderindisch-ceylonisclien Region. 



Abh. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, vol. xix. 1910. 



12. „ Oligochiiten von verschiedenea Gebieten. Mitth. Nathist. 



Mus. Hamburg, vol. x.wii. (Beiheft 2), 1910. 



13. „ Znr Kenntnis der Eodrilaceen und ihrer Verbreitungsver- 



haltnisse. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. Teil, vol. xxx. 1911. 



14. „ Oligochaten von Travancore und Borneo. Mitth. Nathist. 



Mus. Hamburg, vol. xxx. (Beiheft 2), 1913. 

 14 a. „ 01igoch;eta, in : Nova Caledonia, A. Zool. vol. i. 1913. 



15. „ Oligochiiten, in : Ergebnisse der zweiten deutschen Zentral- 



Afi-ika-Expedition 1910-1911. Leipzig, 1915. 



16. ,j Oligochaten, in : Results of Dr. E. Mjiiberg's Swedish 



Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910-1913, pt. xiii. 

 Stockholm, 1916. 



