' " OF THE TOKGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 321 



The frenal lamella has a bifid apex, and the edges have lowg 

 processes (text-fig. 36). 



ISTo plicse fimbriatse are present. 



From the descriptions of different species of Papio described 

 above, one can see that plicse fimbriates are absent. Meckel, as 

 reported by Oppel, fonnd traces, however (17). As the mucosa 

 of the under surface of the tongue is sometimes very lax in the 

 JBaboons, and thrown into small irregular folds, a false impression 

 of the plicse may be obtained. 



Summary. 



1. The tongues of the Cercopithecidse do not contain many 

 pigmented forms, and those which are coloured vary in the dis- 

 tribution of the pigment. The tongue of Cerco2nthecus patas inay 

 be yellow or colourless. 



2. The conical and fungiform papillae, with few exceptions, 

 exhibit the usual type of arrangement. Only in Gercop'itliecus 

 oithiops was it diflT^rent. 



3. The vallate papillae form a triangle, Y, or doable pair, but 

 the pattern is not characteristic in any genus. 



4. The lateral organs appear as rows of sulci and flat laminae, or 

 as rows of oval or rod-like bodies. 



5. The frenal lamella is entire or bifid, even in diflferent 

 examples of the same species, so it is not of value for purposes of 

 classification. 



6. The glands on the base of the tongue are largest in the 

 Langurs, in which they occupy a large area. They are not very 

 prominent in the Cercopitheques nor in the Macaques ; in the 

 former the duct orifices are larger than in the latter. In the 

 Mangabeys and Baboons they form prominent masses with large 

 orifices on the sides of the base of the tongue. These structures 

 are, therefore, of the greatest value in classifying the tongues of 

 the Cercopithecidse. 



7. Plicse fimbriatse, lytta, foramen csecum, and Apical Gland 

 of Nuhn or Blandin are absent in the adult tongue. Plicse 

 fimbriatse may, however, be present in very young tongues. 



Bibliography. 



1. BouLART & PiLLiET. " Note sur I'organe folie de la langue 



des Mammiferes." Journ. de I'anat. 

 et de la physioL, T. 21. i:)p. 337- 

 345. 1885. 



2. ,, ,, ,, OR. de la Soc. de biol., T. 36 (ser. 8, 



T. 1), pp. 626-627. 1884. 



3. Brucher, C. Dent. Zeit. f. Tiermed. u. vergl. Pathol., Bd. 



10. pp. 93-111. 1884. 



