382 MRS. J. LONGSTAFF ON THE HABITS 



when there was a return of cold. During hibernation they 

 invariably closed the aperture with an epiphragm, which had a 

 slit at the posterior end (PI. I. fig. 13). 



Broods of Progeny. 



June 21st, 1918.— As there was only one specimen of each 

 variety living I placed them both together, but they did not 

 a;ppear to like one another at first, for they went as far apart as 

 possible. Later on, however, they became more friendly. 



September 16th, 1919. — Several young ones and also some eggs 

 were discovered below the surface, and the adults were separated 

 from them. On the 19th I counted eleven young molluscs, twelve 

 eggs, and three broken bits of egg-shell. On the 26th I found 

 another and still smaller young one, with two bits of egg-shell. 

 It had, therefore, hatched from an Qgg, but there is no evidence 

 to show whether the whole of those first found had done so. 

 Ya.r. fidgicrata appeared to have deposited this brood. 



July 23rd, 1920. — I scraped up the soil to a depth of about 

 two inches, and discovered fifteen living young molluscs and two 

 dead ones, accompanied by some fragments of egg-shell. The 

 two dead shells were very small, had no coloi;red markings, and 

 were without any trace of the animals. 



August 4th, 6th, and 12th. — Other living ones were found, 

 making nineteen in all, and the eggs numbered between fifty and 

 sixty. It is not clear which variety deposited the young ones. 

 After finding these I actually saw var. obesa lay some of the 

 smaller eggs ; it is, however, quite possible that var. fulgurcda 

 may have laid some of the larger ones. 



Hibernation. 



Winter, 1919-20.— October 6th to the middle of March. 



Winter, 1920-21. — Both broods coramenced to hibernate the 

 middle of October. During mild spells in January they came up 

 and ate. There were nine living of the first brood and seventeen 

 of the second, all grandchildren of the original specimens. 



Summer, 1920. — Var. fulgurata was not so active as usual, 

 appeared sickly in August, and finally died on September 22nd 

 at the age of six years and four months. 



October 24th. — Yi\,v. obesa died after being inert several days, 

 when six and a half years old. 



B,epr eduction. 



Unfortunately, the cases here desciibed do not afford clear 

 evidence of the length of time elapsing between fertilization and 

 birth. The two original specimens of var. obesa travelled together 

 with one of \&v. fulgurata for seventeen days. The former may 

 have fertilized each other, or they may have been fertilized pre- 

 viously by their fellows, or, on the other hand, they may have 

 been impregnated by vi\x. fulgurata on the journey. With regard 



