296 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 



covered on the bluffs borderiog the Missouri river, showing where, 

 the lodges had been located and were fallen down. The Kutchin 

 Lodge is somewhat similar in form, but is generally covered with 

 deer-skins dressed with the hair on. The Ojibwa cabin, which 

 may still be found on the south shore of Lake Superior, was also 

 similar; though it came to a point at the top, forming a perfect 

 cone, and was covered with birch-bark. The Dakota lodge ;was 

 constructed with a frame of poles; the poles, 13 in number, being- 

 from 15 to 18 feet in length, were tied together at the top, and a 

 number of tanned buffalo skins were stitched together and drawn 



M AND AN HOUSE. 



over these. The Winnebagoes, formerly in Wisconsin, built their 

 lodges in the same way, but used rough mats for covering. This 

 hemispherical or conical shaped house is probably the most com- 

 mon of any among the rude uncivilized tribes in all countries. 

 Lodges, resembling them, are described as common in Africa. 

 The Zulus to-day live in houses which might be mistaken for 

 Indian wigwams, and even their palisades, which surround the 

 inclosures where these lodges are situated, might also be mistaken 

 for Indian stockades. A second form of lodge, found in Califor- 

 nia, is the one given *in the cut which is taken from Mr. Powers', 

 work. This wigwam is in the shape of the capital letter L, made^ 

 Tip of slats, leaning up to a ridgepole and heavily thatched., 

 There are three narrow holes, for entrance, one on either end and 

 one at the elbow. Half a dozen such houses make an Indian 



