Primitive Architecture in America. 299 



village, with tbe addition of a dome-shaped assembly or dance house 

 in the middle, or open space. One or more acorn granaries, of 

 wicker-work, stand around each lodge, much like hogsheads in 

 shape and size, either on the ground or mounted on posts as high 

 as one's head, filled with acorns and capped with thatch. Similar 

 to this style is the Yokuts lodge, also described by Mr. Powers. 

 Every village consists of a single row of wigwams, conical 

 or wedge shaped, generally made of tule, and just enough 

 hollowed out within so that the inmates may sleep with the head 

 higher than their feet, all in perfect alignment, and with a contin- 

 uous awning of brushwood stretching along in front In one end 

 wigwam lives the village captain ; on the other the shaman or si- 

 se-ro. In the mountains there is some approach to this martial 

 array, but it is universal on the plains. Perhaps the most com- 

 pletely developed house was that found among the Iroquois. " 

 This has been described by L. H. Morgan, in his work on House- 

 Life and House Architecture. It consisted of a strong frame of 

 •upright poles set in the ground, which were strengthened with 

 horizontal poles, attached with withes and surmounted by a tri- 

 angular, and in some cases with a round roof. It was covered 

 over both sides and roof with large strips of elm-bark, tied to the 

 frame with strings or splints. A similar frame work was then 

 placed outside of the bark both along the sides and on the roof, 

 and the two frames tied together, with the bark between. At 

 each end was a doorway, covered with suspended skins. Within, 

 the house was divided into compartments like stalls, a passage 

 way running through the whole house from end to end. These 

 long houses of the Iroquois were often 50, 80 or 100 feet long, 

 and sometimes occupied by 20 families. (See cut on opp. page.) 

 The Algonquin houses were built in a somewhat similar manner, 

 a large, rounded house, from 50 to 80 feet in length, covered with 

 matting in the place of bark, and large enough to accommodate 

 several families. 



The Iroquois and Algonquin tribes generally dwelt in villages. 

 The village consisted of a number of tenement houses, arranged 

 around a central open space, and surrounded with a palisade. 

 Some of them were not enclosed with a palisade. These houses 



