800 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



have been described by Sir Richard Grrenville, who visited Eoa- 

 noke Island in 1655. An artist, John Wyth, who was with the 

 expedition, has furnished a number of valuable sketches of these 

 villages. The description of Pomeiock is as follows : " The 

 towns in Virginia are very like those in Florida, not, however, so 

 well and firmly built, and are enclosed by a circular palisade with 

 a narrow entrance. In the town of Pomeiock, the buildings are 

 mostly those of the chiefs and men of rank. On one side is the 

 Temple (council house), (A) of a circular shape, apart from the 

 rest, and covered with mats on every side, without windows, and' 

 receiving no light except through the entrance. The residence 

 of their chief (B) is constructed of poles fixed in the ground, 

 bound together and covered with mats, which are thrown off at, 

 pleasure, to admit as much light and air as they may require." 



We have thus given, at considerable, length, a description of 

 the house-architecture of the different Indian tribes. We may 

 .discover in all these houses a very great similarity, and can easily 

 perceive that a great difference exists between them and both the 

 Pueblo houses of Arizona and the cliff-houses of Colorado and 

 ]New Mexico. 



We turn now to consider the stockades and military architect- 

 ure of the uncivilized races. This architecture is well known, 

 for history has made a record of them. What history lacks, also, 

 archeology furnishes, for there are many remains of the forts and 

 stockade- villages of the later Indians. These remains are found, 

 oftentimes, amid the works of the Mound-Builders, but they can 

 be easily distinguished by their peculiarities. They consist of a 

 simple, rude wall in the form of a circle, with a ditch on either 

 side, but with no signs of any pains taken, either with their form 

 or finish. They are generally found situated on the summit of 

 some hill, near some stream or spring, and in places capable of 

 defense as well as suitable for residence. They can be distinguished 

 from the Mound-Builders' works, for these are much more mass- 

 ive, have a higher architectural finish, and were used for many 

 other purposes than as defenses. There are many remains of 

 stockades throughout Northern Ohio and in Michigan, where it 

 is known that the Red Indians had their habitation, and where 



