Primitive Architecture in America. 315 



Houses, have, from time to time been published. We present 

 herewith, a a restoration of the Paeblo of Bonito, which was pub- 

 lished in Morgan's work, and previously in Hayden's Annual Ee- 

 port. This restoration was made by Mr. Simpson, after the study 

 of a large number of houses of the same t3^pe. The Pueblo 

 houses varied in size, some having a main building 250 feet in 

 length, some, 300, and some even larger. They are generally 

 erected with wings of proportionate length, and. contain often- 

 times 120 and 1-10 rooms. The lower stories were used for store- 

 houses ; the upper stories for the residences of the families, and 

 the highest story as the residence of the cacique or head man of 

 the villaoe. The walls on the outside were solid and inaccessible : 

 on the inside, toward the court, there were no doors, but the upper 

 stories were reached by ladders which could be taken up, and 

 thus leave the house like a castle, isolated and raised above the 

 plain, and inaccessible. There is no doubt that the communistic 

 system prevailed among the Pueblos. 



The cliff-dwellers' dwellings differ from these very much in 

 appearance, and yet they are built on the same plan, and indicate 

 the same mode of life. The residences were not always connected, 

 and village life was not as compact. The inhabitants clung 

 to the cliffs for defense, and scattered their store houses, their 

 estafas, and their dwellings along the sides of the precipice and on 

 the edge of the mesas, wedging in their abodes wherever a shelter 

 was afforded by the rocks. 



The style of architecture prevalent among the cliff dwellers 

 seems to be in great contrast to that prevalent among the Pueb- 

 loes, but if we analyze and take the component parts of the 

 Pueblo, and then scatter them over the cliffs, we shall find that 

 all the elements are here. Sometimes the estiifa is placed on the 

 mesa, and sometimes it is crowded in between the ether chambers 

 Tinder shelter of the cliff. Small rooms are divided off and 

 used for store rooms. The buildings are not often more than one 

 story and lack the terrace form which is peculiar to the Puebloes. 



But it is evident that the same mode of life was prevalent in 

 each ; the valleys below furnished the provisions for the people, 

 and the inhabitants issued from their rock shelters, just as thej 



