50 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. V. No. 106. 



gists. It was their first experience among 

 Western geological formations, and consid- 

 ering the rapidity of the march it is not 

 surprising that no considerable additions 

 were made to the geological knowledge of 

 the region. 



In the summer of 1875 and 1876, how- 

 ever, Wm. P. Jenney and Henry ISTewton 

 were sent out under military escort to in- 

 vestigate the mineral resources and geology 

 of the Hills, in order to determine whether 

 the reports of the great mineral wealth 

 were well founded. The untimely death 

 of Mr. Newton, who was a most promising 

 young geologist, delaj^ed the publication of 

 the scientific results of this investigation, 

 which was finally accomplished in 1880, 

 under the editorial supervision of Mr. G. 

 K. Gilbert, who kindly undertook the vei-y 

 delicate task of putting ia form the field 

 notes of Mr. Newton. 



Among other reconnaissances to which 

 geologists were attached may be mentioned 

 those in 1873, of Capt. W. A. Jones, in 

 northwestern Wyoming, with T. B. Com- 

 stock as geologist, and that of Lieut. E. 

 H. Ruffner, into the Ute county around the 

 San Juan Mountains, on which Prof. H. 

 Hawn and L. Hawn served in geological 

 capacities. 



In the year 1875 E. S. Dana and G. B. 

 Grinnell accompanied the party of Capt. 

 Wm. Ludlow on a reconnaissance from 

 Carroll, Montana, to the Yellowstone Park. 

 On this trip they got glimpses of the iso- 

 lated groups of mountains rising out of the 

 plains, such as Little Rockies, Crazy Moun- 

 tain, etc., that have yielded such interest- 

 ing petrographical data of later years. 

 They collected Saurian remains in beds 

 overlying the Fox Hills Cretaceous at the 

 mouth of the Judith River and made many 

 interesting observations on probable uncon- 

 formities in the Bridger Mountains and 

 elsewhere. 



The eagerness with which geologists have 



pursued their investigations into the new 

 fields of geological observation, opened up 

 by these various explorations, may be com- 

 pared in a certain sense with that which 

 takes possession of prospectors and miners 

 upon the discovery of some new and extra- 

 ordinarilj' rich mining district. 



In their emulations to obtain possession 

 of some of the stores of scientific wealth 

 which nature has exposed to view, and to 

 gain the reward of scientific reputation 

 which is accorded to the first discoverer, 

 they are sometimes inclined to neglect the 

 rights of priority which scientific courtesy 

 accords to the first occupant of a new field." 



Thus the publication of Powell's geo- 

 logical report was, in so far as it related to 

 the Uinta Mountains, in contravention of 

 a more or less definite agreement among 

 the heads of the various surveys not to en- 

 croach upon the areas covered by the maps 

 of the 40th Parallel Survey, since the work 

 of this Survey was strictly confined within 

 previously prescribed limits, while the whole 

 West lay open to the others. Powell's re- 

 port was published in 1876, and ^he topo- 

 graphic base of the 40th Parallel map of the 

 Uinta Mountain region had been used, by 

 permission but without acknowledgment, 

 in the preparation of the map which accom- 

 panied that report. Furthermore, during 

 the summer of 1875 the geologically colored 

 map of the same region, prepared by the 

 geologists of the 40th Parallel, was in press 

 in the cartographic publishing house of 

 Julius Bien, and upon its final completion 

 on November 12, 1875, Mr. King sent out 

 to the leading geologists of the country 12 

 copies of these maps signed and dated by 

 the authors, in the hope of securing to them 

 the priority of record which was their due. 



Already in 1873 friction had sprung up 

 between the Hayden and Wheeler Surveys. 

 Neither was willing to accord to the other 

 the exclusive right to survey any particular 

 part of the geologically unexplored regions, 



