SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. V. No. 107. 



Shore-lines of Lahe Warren, and of a Lower 



Water-level, in Western Central New York. 



H. L. Fairchild, Eochester, N. Y. 



The beach of the glacial Lake Warren 

 has been traced with practical continuity 

 from Crittenden, N. Y., where long known, 

 eastward to beyond the meridian of Eoches- 

 ter, with an altitude of about 880 feet. A 

 lower beach, with an altitude of 700 feet 

 and of good development, has been detected 

 for a considerable distance, and other evi- 

 dences of static water at this level extend 

 over a wide area. 



The paper was illustrated by a colored 

 map of New York State showing the out- 

 lines of Lakes Warren and Iroquois. ' The 

 speaker sketched the recent views of Lake 

 Warren's restricted area, and of its outlet 

 into the lake formerly in the basin of Lake 

 Michigan, called Lake Chicago. The tra- 

 cing of another strong beach above Geneva 

 was also shown, and presumably a continu- 

 ation of the beach at Chittenden followed. 

 The reading- of the next paper took place 

 before discussion. 



Old Tracks of Erian Drainage in Western New 

 York. G. K. Gilbert, Washington, D. C. 

 The last stage of Lake Warren was ended 

 by the shifting of the outlet from Michigan 

 to New York. Between that date and the 

 establishment of the Niagara River the dis- 

 charge from the Erie basin crossed western 

 New York on lines determined by the re- 

 lations of the shifting ice margin to the 

 topography. 



Attention was called to Lake Warren, 

 which stood 600 feet above Lake Iroquois, 

 and to the areal distribution of both. The 

 spillways were described that were scoured 

 out, when, on the removal of the ice barrier 

 that h eld back Lake Warren , the water fell to 

 the level of Warren. These old lines of 

 drainage were described with their boulder 

 pavements, cataracts and one-sided chan- 

 nels, formed when the ice presented the 



other side. The speaker showed these at 

 various points, of which those between 

 Eochester and Niagara Falls are of especial 

 interest. Inference about the east and 

 west alignment of the ice front were also 

 drawn. 



G. F. Wright inquired about the rela- 

 tions of the lakes with the Horseheads out- 

 let and later remarked the fresh topog- 

 raphy of the spillways. R. S. Tarr also 

 asked about the correlation of the beaches 

 with the Cayuga Lake terraces. Mr. Gil- 

 bert replied that Horseheads was at that 

 time higher than the water plane and that 

 he had attempted no correlation with the 

 terraces of Cayuga Lake 



The Assumed Glaeiation of the Atlas Mountains, 



Africa. Angelo Heilpein, Philadelphia,. 



Pa. 



Vast boulder and pebble deposits cover a 

 large part of the region of North Africa, 

 both at sea-level and on the inland plateaus 

 (and mountain slopes) to 3,000 feet eleva- 

 tion and more. These have in places much 

 the appearance of morainic and true drift 

 material, and as such have been described 

 by some geologists and geographers. But 

 their relations are with oceanic and torren- 

 tial modelling of the land surface and they 

 give no basis for the supposition that ice 

 action was involved in their making. 

 Neither on the highest points of the Atlas 

 Mountains in Algeria nor on their slopes 

 were any evidences of glaeiation inet 

 with. 



The observations were gathered during a 

 trip across the Atlas Mountains the past 

 summer, through Tunis and Morocco into 

 the Sahara. A resume was given of pre- 

 vious observations on the supposed glaeia- 

 tion of some of these summits. With a 

 sketch map of northern Africa the speaker 

 remarked the general character of the moun- 

 tains and their Alpine character. He then 

 described the supposed glacial moraines at 



