January 29, 1897]. 



SCIENCE. 



195 



eastern Brazil, and monkey bone lashed at an 

 angle, used as harpoon and arrow combined in 

 the west and pointed reed in the east. 



In the west, wood-skin or bark boats ; in the 

 east, raft of logs or reeds ; but in this region 

 the Mato Grosso, both varieties of bows, arrows, 

 rafts and boats were used, showing how the two 

 dissimilar cultures were united in a common 

 locality. Discussed by Messrs. Pierce and 

 Lamb. 



Mr. Geo. R. Stetson gave the results of 

 ' Memory Tests of Whites and Blacks, ' in 

 which he gave the details of tests made upon 

 white and black school children. In some 

 tests the range of percentage varied quite 

 largely and in others they were remarkably 

 equal between the two classes of subjects. Dis- 

 cussed by Prof. Lester F. Ward. 



'Aboriginal Habitations of Maine,' by Mr. 

 F. H. Gushing, was omitted owing to his ab- 

 sence. 



Prof. W J McGee spoke upon Zooculture, 

 in which he described the three stages of the 

 relation of birds and animals to man, as in- 

 dividuals and as a community : 1. Toleration. 

 2. Domestication. 3. Artificialization. Discus- 

 sed by Messrs. Flint and Stetson. 



Dr. J. W. Fewkes read a paper on ' Types 

 of Pueblo Pottery.' He noted the fact that 

 pottery was found in the most ancient ruins 

 and that the art of pottery making was still 

 practiced by modern Pueblo people, but it had 

 degenerated as to texture, finish and adorn- 

 ment. 



More care was taken by the ancient potters 

 in the fineness of paste, in the symbolic decora- 

 tion and general finish. In classifying pot- 

 tery the classification of Holmes seemed the 

 best. 1st. Coiled ware. 2d. Plain ware. 3d. 

 Painted ware, and to this he would add a 4th, 

 glazed ware. 



The principal fact brought out in his studies 

 for 1896 was the collection of material illustra- 

 ting the extension of Tusyan people southward. 

 The one point he wished to emphasize, relative 

 to the different types of Pueblo pottery, was 

 homogeneity of ancient Pueblo culture. Dis- 

 cussed by Prof. Thos. Wilson. 



Dr. J. H. McCormick reviewed the principal 

 events in the field of Folk-Lore for 1896. The 



memoirs of the American Folk-Lore Society 

 were by Mrs. Fanny D. Bergen, on ' Current 

 Superstitions,' in which she has collected a 

 great variety of superstitions of English-speak- 

 ing people in the United States, embracing 

 every phrase of life, from birth to death ; and 

 ' Navajo Myths,' by Dr. Washington Matthews. 

 No one is better qualified than this author to 

 tell us the mythology of this tribe, and it con- 

 stituted the most valuable contribution yet pub- 

 lished concerning this interesting people. 



The speaker also paid deserved tribute to the 

 memory of Capt. J. G. Bourke, who had died 

 during the summer of 1896, and who was at 

 the time President of the Folk-Lore Society. 

 These two publications, together with Mr. 

 Gushing' s paper on ' Outlines of Zuni Creation 

 Myths,' in 13th Annual Report of Bureau of 

 Ethnology, constituted the most important 

 contributions to Folk-Lore during 1896. The 

 work of the Society was discussed at some 

 length, and the establishment of a Local Branch 

 at Cincinnati, under the presidency of Prof. 

 Chas. L. Edwards, of the University of Cin- 

 cinnati, as a result of a visit by the speaker to 

 that city, and the excellent work done by the 

 Local Branch in Baltimore, were noted. 



The 8th annual meeting, in New York, was 

 then considered in some detail. 



' Developments of Education during the year ' 

 was the subject of Mr. J. H. Blodgett, and it 

 was noted that expansion and modification of 

 ideas rather than distinct steps or discoveries 

 had been the rule. 



The most notable events were the continued 

 agitation of the art and manual training studies 

 in schools, child study and its bearing on psy- 

 chology, and the teaching of religion in schools. 

 The latter had been discussed more in other 

 countries than our own. Considerable atten- 

 tion had been given to the methods of teaching 

 and the principles which underlie them. 



The 257th regular meeting of the Anthropo- 

 logical Society was held Tuesday evening, Jan- 

 uary 19, 1897. 



This being the annual meeting, the reports 

 of the Secretary, Secretary of the Board of 

 Managers, Treasurer and Curator were sub- 

 mitted. 



