Tebeaeuy 5, 1897.] 



SCIENCE. 



217 



of the series published by the expedition 

 and makes a stately volume of 666 pages. 

 It is filled with extremely valuable ma- 

 terial relating to the ethnology and dia- 

 lects of the various tribes encountered by 

 the expedition, especially in Patagonia, 

 Polynesia, Australia, South Africa and the 

 northwest coast of North America. The 

 grammar and comparative vocabulary of 

 the Polynesian dialects are especially cred- 

 itable, and Mr. Hale's studies of the mi- 

 .grations of the Polynesians and the peo- 

 pling of the islands of the Pacific ocean 

 may be justly said to have laid the founda- 

 tion for all subsequent researches in that 

 field. In their main outlines they have 

 stood the test of later inquiry, and are ac- 

 cepted to-day by the soundest anthropolo- 

 ,gists. 



Ten years after the publication of this 

 volume (1846-1856), he removed to Clin- 

 ion, Ontario, Canada, where he resided the 

 remainder of his life, practicing law, but 

 ■always in touch with the progress of his 

 favorite scientific studies. His contribu- 

 tions to these, though not very numerous, 

 were ever marked by an intimate knowl- 

 edge of facts and deep and original reflec- 

 tion. 



One of the most important of his works 

 was the translation and editing of ' The 

 Iroquois Book of Rites,' forming the second 

 volume (pp. 222) of the ' Library of Abo- 

 riginal American Literature.' This valua- 

 ble native document was printed in the 

 original text, with a learned introduction 

 and notes. 



Mr. Hale was the first to discover the 

 presence of the Siouan stock on the Atlan- 

 tic coast by identifying theTutelo of Virginia 

 as a dialect of the Dakotan family. In 

 two essays, one on ' The Origin of Lan- 

 guages ' and the other on ' The Develop- 

 ment of Language ' (1886 and 1888), he 

 brought forward and ably supported a 

 reasonable and probable theory for the rise 



and extension of independent linguistic 

 stocks, many of which are often found in 

 limited areas. It is enough to say of these 

 papers that their argument is masterly and 

 that no other theory more acceptable has 

 yet been presented to the scientific world. 



In a later essay (1893), on ' Language as 

 a Test of Mental Capacity,' he defended the 

 value of linguistics as a criterion for ethnic 

 classification ; though in the development 

 of this argument, he was somewhat ham- 

 pered by his opinions as to the relations of 

 savage to civilized conditions. In the same 

 year a paper by him, on ' The Fall of Hoch- 

 elaga,' set forth for the first time the early 

 history of the Huron-Iroquois tribes. 



Mr. Hale was an active member of the 

 American and British Associations for the 

 Advancement of Science, and was one of 

 the founders of the Anthropological Sec- 

 tions in both. In 1886 he was Vice-Presi- 

 dent of the former and Chairman of the 

 Section on Anthropology. He was also a 

 President of the American Folk-lore So- 

 ciety, and an honorary or corresponding 

 member of manj' learned associations. 



In his village home he was constantly 

 active in educational plans and in those 

 tending to the development of the best in- 

 terests of the community. Personally he 

 was afiable and considerate, and in the 

 warmth of scientific discussions never for- 

 got the courtesies of life, several times in 

 this respect setting a much-needed example 

 to his opponents. D. Gr. Brinton. 



IJNrVEBSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



MSUL DU B0I8-BEYM0ND. 

 Emil du Bois-Eeymond, the eminent 

 physiologist and philosopher, died in Ber- 

 lin on December 26, 1896, at the age of 78. 

 He was the last of those four bright stars 

 which illuminated the horizon of natural 

 sciences for more than half a century. 

 They are all gone now. Briicke died first 

 (1892); then Helmholtz (1894); then Carl 



