Apkil 23, 1897.] 



SCIENGE. 



667 



the Association, reviews of related literatui-e, 

 -etc. 



The first volume consists of the following 

 original and reprinted papers : 



'Peter Henry Ling, the Swedish Gymnasi- 

 arch,' by E. M. Hartwell ; 'The Olympic 

 Games and Their Influence upon Physical Edu- 

 cation,' by Ellery G. Clark ; ' Statistical Sketch 

 of the Present Status of Physical Training,' by 

 Karl Zapp ; ' What the City of Braunschweig, 

 Germany, Does for the Physical Training of 

 her Children,' by Ernst Hermann ; ' Report of 

 Committee of the Boston Physical Education 

 Society, to Suggest a Substitute for the Manual 

 of Arms as a Means of Physical Exercise in the 

 Military Training of School-boys;' 'Military 

 Drill in the Public Schools,' by D. A. Sargent; 

 'Manual Training: Its Educational Value,' by 

 Thomas M. Balliet ; ' The Influence of Exercise 

 upon Growth,' by Henry G. Beyer; Brookline 

 Public Bath ; Reports from Societies ; Editorial 

 Notes and Comment ; Book Notices and Bibli- 

 ography ; ' Index to the Ten Reports of the A. 

 A. A. P. E.,' by J. M. Pierce. 



One of the most important contributions to 

 this number is the Index to the ten reports of 

 the A. A. A. P. E. prepared by Mr. John M. 

 Pierce. The National Council have decided to 

 strike this oflT as a reprint for the benefit of 

 those who desire to bind it with the reports. 

 The report of the Committee on Military Train- 

 ing has also been reprinted and should do good 

 educational service in combating the misguided 

 efforts in different parts of the country to foist 

 military drill on the public schools in place of a 

 rational system of sports, games and physical 

 exercises. Copies of both these reprints may 

 be obtained by application to the Correspond- 

 ing Secretary, Dr. G. W. Fitz, Cambridge, 



The Council of the A. A. A. P. E. are to be 

 commended for their boldness in undertaking 

 this publication, and to be congratulated on its 

 creditable appearance. Teachers in general 

 will feel indebted to them for making accessi- 

 ble valuable papers on physical education, 

 especially since the low price of membership, 

 one dollar per year, brings the Review easily 

 within their reach. G. W. F. 



Harvard University. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 

 SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION OF THE JOHNS HOP- 

 KINS UNIVERSITY. 



The one hundred and thirty-second regular 

 meeting was held March 18, 1897, President 

 Remsen in the chair. 



The papers presented and read were : 



1. ' The Projection of Panoramic Views of 

 Contoured Surfaces,' by Josiah Pierce, Jr. 



The principal subjects brought up for dis- 

 cussion were : 1. The metrical and projective 

 properties of contoui-s and bas-reliefs. 2. The 

 principles involved in the projection of irregu- 

 lar plane-figures and surfaces. 3. The prac- 

 tical applications of the laws of projection in 

 the design of perspectographs and mechanical 

 aids to projection. 



It was demonstrated in the paper that the 

 general problem of the projection of an irregular 

 surface of any form could be reduced to one of 

 great simplicity by the methods suggested by 

 the author of projecting successive contours or 

 equidistant sections of the surface. The meth- 

 ods were shown to be applicable to the illus- 

 tration of complex geological problems, which 

 under ordinary conditions would require to be 

 illustrated upon models, and for the solution of 

 many difficult problems in projection, such as 

 the determination of shadows on irregular sur- 

 faces and the development of bas-reliefs and 

 projective forms. 



Illustrations were given of a number of 

 practical applications of the methods by draw- 

 ings of very irregular surfaces developed in 

 relief by the projection of contours — such as 

 panoramic views of wide areas, and surfaces 

 developed in high or low relief under difl^erent 

 conditions of projection from horizontal verti- 

 cal and inclined sections. 



In the discussion given of the general prob- 

 lem of the projection of irregular plane figures 

 two methods of operation were presented— one 

 involving the metrical and projective relations 

 of corresponding points of plain figures in 

 perspective, applicable in the design of per- 

 spectographs and linkages ; the other the re- 

 lations of corresponding lines in perspective — 

 applicable in the methods of tracing the pro- 

 jections of irregular figures — enclosed in nets of 

 intersecting lines. 



