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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. V. No. 123. 



tion of tlie main evolution principles in 

 these groups. 



In 1865 he married Miss Annie Pirn, 

 daughter of Eichard Pirn, of Chester Co., 

 Pa. In the year 1864 Haverford College 

 called him to a professorship of natural sci- 

 ence. This position, however, he held for 

 only three years. Twenty-two years later 

 he again resumed teaching as professor of 

 geology and paleontology in the University 

 of Pennsylvania, all the interval having 

 been devoted to exploration and research. 

 In 1865 he first began to extend his studies 

 among the mammalia, especially the Ceta- 

 cea, recent and extinct, of the Coastal Ter- 

 tiary. Early in 1866 a wider paleonto- 

 logical field opened in the vertebrata of the 

 Cretaceous marls of ]S"ew Jersey, whence 

 he procured the remains of Dinosaurs, de- 

 scribing especially the carnivorous Lcelaps, 

 and grouping (Nov., 1866), these reptiles 

 into three great suborders, Orthopoda (Ha- 

 drosaurus and Iguanodon), Goniopoda and 

 Symphopoda (Megalosaurus, Lselaps and 

 Compsognathus) . In the same year ap- 

 peared the continuation of his tropical 

 A-tnerican and Sonoran herpetology and his 

 third contribution to the history of the Ce- 

 tacea. Henceforward his papers become 

 far too numerous to consider together and 

 we must endeavor to follow merely the 

 main outlines of his life work. 



This was a bright era in the history of 

 the Academy, Leidy, Gill and Harrison 

 Allen being frequent contributors. In 1868 

 Cope gave his first complete synopsis of the 

 extinct Amphibia of the world. Between 

 1868 and 1870 he made his first six contribu- 

 tions upon the Plesiosaurs of the Cretaceous 

 of Kansas and in 1871 began his first west- 

 ern explorations in these beds. This led to 

 his connection with the U. S. Greological 

 Survey, under Dr. Hayden, and to further 

 explorations in "Wyoming (1872) and Colo- 

 rado (1873), which resulted in the dis- 

 covery of many new types of fishes, mosa- 



saurs, chelonians, dinosaurs and other rep- 

 tiles, notably Portheus, Platecarpus, Clidastes, 

 Compsemys (type of the Amphichelydia, Ly- 

 dekker) , Protostega, and Agathaumus. These 

 were described chiefly in the Bulletins 

 of the Survey and in the Transactions of 

 the American Philosophical Society, and 

 culminated in his first large volume The 

 Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Formations 

 of the West,' No. II., of the Hayden quartos, 

 published in 1875. 



He spent his summers in the Bad Lands, 

 exploring the Bridger and "Washakie, Wa- 

 satch, New Mexican and Judith River 

 (1877 formations). Thelatter exposures he 

 visited in 1874, in connection with the 

 Wheeler Survey, securing a collection which 

 is now preserved in the National Museum, 

 and publishing a most vivid description of the 

 geology of this interesting region . His mo ve- 

 ments in the field are described by one who 

 was with him as so rapid and full of energy, 

 so regardless of food and rest, that he wore 

 out the other members of his parties and 

 did not allow time for thorough search ; 

 yet he himself found a number of his most 

 important types. 



The fruits of the New Mexican journey 

 appeared in many bulletins and were fi- 

 nally collected in his second great volume, 

 ' The Extinct Vertebrata obtained in New 

 Mexico by Parties of the Expedition of 

 1874,' Vol. IV., of the Wheeler Survey. In 

 1874 appeared the first of his studies upon 

 the comparison of American and European 

 horizons, and of his contributions to the 

 John Day fauna. His collections were now 

 accumulating so rapidly as to demand more 

 time for research and for many years he 

 was fortunate in securing the field services 

 of C. H. Sternberg and Dr. J. L. Wortman. 

 He continued to make brief expeditions, 

 among the last being his trip into the Lara- 

 mie region. 



As early as 1868 it may be said that he 

 had laid the foundations for five great lines 



