712 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. V. No. 123. 



B. Extremities differentiated. 



II. Streptostylica : Orders Lacertilia, Py- 

 thonomorpha, Ophidia. 



III. Synaptosauria: Ovdera Rhyncocephalia, 

 Testudinata, Sauropterygia. 



IV. Arehosauria : Orders Anomodontia, Dl- 

 nosauria, Crocodilia, Ornithosauria. 



In 1875 the large volume ' The Verte- 

 brata of the Cretaceous Formations of the 

 West ' appeared, as Vol. II., of the Eep. U. 

 S. Geol. Surv. Territ. (302 pp., PI. LVII.). 

 This work contains extensive descriptions, 

 especially of the Mosasaurs, also of Testu- 

 dines, Crocodilia, Plesiosaurs and Dinosaurs 

 (Iguanodontia) : Agathaumus, Cope ( Tricera- 

 tops, Marsh ( ; Hadrosaurus, Leidy {Tradiodon, 

 Leidy; Diclonius, Cope, Claosaurus, Marsh). 



Cope's most epoch-making contributions, 

 however, are his researches on the Permian 

 Reptiles of Texas, which commenced in 

 1878. In the Proceedings of the American 

 Philosophical Society of this year he estab- 

 lished the sub-order Pelycosauria of the 

 Bhynchocephalia to contain Chpisydrops, Dl- 

 metrodon, Diadectes, Bolosaurus, Pariotichus, 

 Empedias. In the December Naturalist of 

 the same year the order Theromorpha was cre- 

 ated, with the sub-orders Anomodontia, Owen, 

 and Pelycosauria, Cope. The Pelycosauria 

 were considered as the ancestors of the Mam- 

 malia. In 1880 * a new division of the Thero- 

 morpha was established, with the name of 

 Cotylosauria, to contain the family Diadectidce. 

 In a skull of Empedias he described two oc- 

 cipital condyles, being misled by the missing 

 basioccipital. In 1883 f he placed his genera 

 Pariotichus and Pantylus in a new family 

 Pariotichidce; characterized by the over-roof- 

 ing of the temporal fossje and the presence 

 of the supra-occipital and par-occipital 

 plates (intercalare. Cope) . He now found 

 the basi-occipital in position and the Cotylo- 

 sauria were given up. In 1890 (March 12th) 

 Cope placed again the Cotylosauria as a sub- 



* American Naturalist, p. 304. 



t Proo. Amer. Pbilos. Soo., p.[631. 



order with the Theromora distinguishing 

 three families: Pareiasauridse, Pariotichidse, 

 DiadectidEe. In 1882* Seeley had estab- 

 lished the order Pareiasauria ; Lydekker 

 (1889) and Zittel considering it a sub-order 

 of the Theromora. In 1892 f the Cotylo- 

 sauria were made an order by Cope. The 

 two last papers published by Cope in the 

 Proceedings of the American Philosophical 

 Society give much new evidence about this 

 very interesting group. The titles of these 

 papers are: ' The Reptilian Order Cotylo- 

 sauria' X and ' Second Contribution to the 

 History of the Cotylosauria. '§ In this paper 

 a new family, Otoccelidce, was described with 

 the following characters : Posterior border 

 of temporal roof excavated laterally by the 

 meatus auditorius externus. Teeth present 

 in a single row, not transversely expanded. 

 Ribs immediately overlaid by parallel trans- 

 verse derm-ossifications which form a cara- 

 pace. This family he considered, or at least 

 suggested was, ancestral to the Chelonians. 

 Cope had in preparation for many years 

 an extensive work on the Lacertilia and 

 Ophidia of the United States, to be pub- 

 lished, like his Batrachia, in a bulletin of 

 the United States National Museum.] | The 



*Proc. Eoy. Soc, Vol. 44, p. 383. 



t Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Vol. XVII. 



JProc. Am. Philos. Soc, Vol. XXXIV., 1896 

 (Feb. 2d), p. 436-457, PI. VII. -IX. 



Slbid., Vol. XXXV., p. 112-139, PI. VII.-X. 

 Aug. 15, 1896. 



II Many preliminary papers have appeared for this 

 publication, of which the following are named below : 



' An Analytical Table of the Genera of Snakes. ' 

 Proc Am. Philos. Soc, 1886, p. 479-499. 



'The Osteology of the Lacertilia.' Proc. Am. 

 Philos. Soc, Vol. XXX., 1892, p. 185-221. PL II.- 

 VI. 



' On Degenerate Types of Scapular and Pelvic 

 Arches in the Lacertilia.' Journ. Morphol. Vol. 

 VII., 1892, p. 233-244, PI. XIIL 



'The Classification of the Ophidia.' Trans. 

 Amer. Philos. Soc, Vol. XVIII., April 15, 1895, p. 

 186-219, PI. XIV.-XXXIIL 



'On the Hemipenes of the Sauria.' Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., August, 1896, p. 461-467, 



