SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. V. No. 127. 



just here that a strictly systematic, rigidly 

 methodical aud abstractly analytical text-book 

 of psychology will fail as a pedagogical instru- 

 ment. If it be a sound psychological doctrine 

 that assimilation demands attention and at- 

 tention is fed by inteTest, then the creation and 

 maintenance of an interest is an essential of 

 every text-book, as it is of every teacher. It 

 may be well urged that for this purpose an 

 ounce of teacher is worth a pound of text-book, 

 but even the teacher is better equipped to 

 inspire if he preaches from an inspiring text. 



It remains to indicate very briefly the dis- 

 tinctive features and contents of the two books. 

 Following an introductory chapter upon the 

 nature of psychological problems, Professor 

 Titchener devotes three chapters to the simplest 

 element of consciousness, sensation, treating it 

 in its qualitative and quantitative aspects and 

 dwelling as well upon the methods of studying 

 sensation. The affective side of mental life is 

 considered in three somewhat widely separated 

 chapters, first as simple affection, then as feel- 

 ing and emotion, and again as sentiment. Simi- 

 larly the will, the active side of psychic phe- 

 nomena, is considered, first as conation and at- 

 tention, then as voluntary movement, aud (in 

 connection with other processes) in the reaction 

 synthesis. The elaborations of sensation, the 

 complexesto which they lead, are treated under 

 the usual headings — perception, ideas, recogni- 

 tion, memory, imagination, self-consciousness 

 and reasoning. It is thus apparent that the 

 method and order of exposition begins with 

 the simplest elements of consciousness — the last 

 results of analysis — and then considers in turn 

 the compounds and elaborations into which these 

 elements are built up. 



Professor Wundt's scheme involves a more 

 elaborate systematization. He devotes consid- 

 erable space to the general methods and prob- 

 lems of psychology by way of introduction, 

 and then discusses the processes of mental life ; 

 first, as psychical elements (sensation and sim- 

 ple feelings) ; second, as psychical compounds 

 (ideas of intensity, space, time, location, etc., 

 as also composite feelings, emotions and voli- 

 tional processes) ; third, as interconnection of 

 psychical compounds (consciousness, attention, 

 association, memory, apperception, etc.); fourth. 



as psychical developments (the mind of ani- 

 mals, of the child, of society and the race) ; 

 and finally concludes by the discussion, under 

 the title ' Psychical Causal ty and its Laws,' of 

 a problem which belongs quite as much to phil- 

 osophy as to psychology. 



As a translation inherently difficult the result 

 is creditable ; but it hardly reaches the ideal 

 criterion of the art that conceals art, for the 

 book seems un-English on every page. The 

 type, the binding, the manner of construction, 

 are all unmistakably German and, together with 

 the foreign terminologj^ and mode of presenta- 

 tion, detract considerably from the possible at- 

 tractiveness of the volume to the English reader. 



Viewed as independent contributions to psy- 

 chology, both works present a considerable 

 measure of originality. The student of Wundt 

 will naturally turn to his other writings for a 

 more complete exposition of his interpretations 

 of psychological problems, but will find in the 

 ' Outlines ' (for instance, in the discussion of 

 psychological methods and classification) many 

 pages that form an essential contribution to his 

 published work. Similarly in Professor Titch- 

 ener's volume one recognizes many a doctrine 

 and exposition that reflects the outcome of spe- 

 cial and original investigation, as well as a 

 position resulting from recent research. Viewed 

 both as text-books and as contributions to psy- 

 chological discussion, the volumes may unhesi- 

 tatingly be pronounced welcome and interest- 

 ing ; the further proof of their utility must 

 await the test of time and use. 



Joseph Jasteow. 



University of Wisconsin. 



geologic atlas of the united states. 



Folio 23, Nomini, Maryland-Virginia, 1896. 



This folio consists of four pages of text 

 signed by H. N. Darton, geologist, a topo- 

 graphic map of the district, a map showing the 

 areal geology, and a map showing the distribu- 

 tion of underground waters and artesian wells. 

 The scale of these maps is 1:125,000. 



The area represented in this folio is about 

 938 square miles, which lies partly in Virginia 

 and partly in Maryland. In Virginia it com- 

 prises nearly all of Westmoreland county, with 

 parts of Essex, Northumberland and Richmond, 



