SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. V. No. 130. 



CUBEENI NOTES ON ANTHROPOLOGY. 

 THE ANTIQUITIES OF BOBNHOLM. 



BoENHOLM is an island in the Baltic sea, 

 about 23 miles long, under the government 

 of Denmark. A study of its antiquities 

 has been published at Copenhagen this year 

 by E. Nedel, a continuation of his previous 

 publications (Efterskrift til Bornholms Old- 

 tidsminder, quarto, pp. 166. Illustrated). 



This local study has a general interest 

 not merely for the abundant material it 

 presents for comparison, but for the very 

 regular superposition of archseologic layers 

 it reveals, from an early stone age through 

 the bronze age and the first and second iron 

 ages. The earlier stone relics are cutting 

 instruments of an extremely primitive 

 model, where the cutting edge is produced 

 by the natural cleavage of the stone with- 

 out any attempt at chipping or rubbing. 

 It is not clear from the text whether a 

 stratum was found containing these exclu- 

 sively, as it is well known such teshoas, as 

 they are called in American archeology, 

 occur in all periods. 



These researches do not carry the an- 

 tiquity of man in the locality beyond the 

 manufacture of pottery and the domestica- 

 tion of animals, therefore not beyond re- 

 ceived dates. The volume is handsomely 

 illustrated and a fine example of antiqua- 

 rian work. 



THE CHACO TRIBES. 



Attention has been called several times 

 in these notes to the studies of Lafone 

 Quevedo on the ethnography and dialects 

 of the tribes inhabiting the Gran Chaco. In 

 a private letter received from him recently 

 he remarked that the problem of the re- 

 lationship of the Chaco languages is now 

 virtually solved, although some corners of 

 the area remain a little obscure from lack 

 of material. 



The languages are divided into two great 

 groups, morphologically distinct, the one 



expressing the grammatic relations by suf- 

 fixes, the other by prefixes. 



I. SufBxal group. 



1. Lule (extinct). 



2. Vilela (or Chulupi). 



II. Prefixal group. 



1. Abipone. 



2. Mocovi. 



3. Toba. 



4. Mbaya (and probably Mataco, Paya- 

 gua and Lengua) . 



The prefixal group belongs to the great 

 Guaycuru stock, as I have classed its mem- 

 bers in my ' American Race,' p. 315. 



A large amount of linguistic material has 

 been collected by Lafone Quevedo, and it is 

 to be hoped that it will soon be published 

 for the benefit of the scientific world. 



THE CELTS AND THEIE WANDERINGS. 



This question has been several times dis- 

 cussed in these notes, and, as it is a primary 

 one in European ethnography, it is well to 

 quote, from the ' Centralblatt,' the results of 

 the latest studies presented in an article of 

 H. Mollier, of Lyons. 



Five hundred years B. C. the Celts pos- 

 sessed central Europe, from the Rhine to 

 the Danube, and from the North Sea to the 

 Alps. About a hundred years later, pressed 

 by Germanic tribes on their north, two 

 streams of migration poured out from them— 

 the one into Italy, Illyria, southern France, 

 northern Spain, and northern Britain; 

 the second, continuing several centuries, in- 

 to Belgium, northern France and southern 

 Britain. 



The primitive physical type of the Celt 

 was tall in stature, skull dolichocephalic, 

 hair blonde and complexion fair. The fact 

 that the southern branch, especially in 

 France, so widely departed from this, was 

 owing to their constant intermixture with 

 the Ligurians, who are supposed to be non- 

 Aryan, and other peoples descended from 

 the ancient dwellers in the stone age. The 

 primitive Celts were, of course, closely allied 



