EECENT PROGRESS IN PHYSIOLOGY. 441 



urgent as the distributiug it, and that among professorial qualifications 

 the gift of garnering' in new truths is at least as needful as facility in 

 tlie didactic exposition of old ones. Thirteen years has seen a great 

 change in this matter, and the progress has been perhaps greater on 

 this side of the water than on the other, so far as English speaking- 

 people are concerned. We on the other side have witnessed with envy 

 the establishment on this side of a university, physiology having in it 

 an honored place, the keynote of AA^hich is the development of original 

 research. It will, 1 venture to think, be considered a strong confirma- 

 tion of my present theme that the Clark University at Worcester was 

 founded only ten years ago. 



And here, as an English-speaking person, may I be allowed to point 

 out, not without pride, that these thirteen years of increased oppor- 

 tunity have been thirteen years of increased fruitlulness ? In the his- 

 tory of our science, among the names of the great men who have made 

 epochs, English names, from Harvey onward, occupy no mean phico; 

 but the greatness of such great men is of no national birth ; it comes 

 as it lists, and is independent of time and of place. If we turn to the 

 more everyday workers, whose continued labors more slowly build up 

 the growing edifice and provide the needful nourishment for the great- 

 ness of which I have just spoken, we may, I will dare to say, affirm 

 that the last thirteen years have brought contributions to physiology, 

 made known in the English tongue, which, whether we regard their 

 quantity or their quality, significantly outdo the like contributions 

 made in any foregoing period of the same length. Those contribu- 

 tions have been equally as numerous, equally as good, on this side as 

 on the other side of the waters. And here I trust I shall be pardoned 

 if personal ties and affection lead me to throw in a personal word. 

 May I not say that much which has been done on this side has been 

 directly or indirectly the outcome of the energy and gifts of one whom 

 I may fitly name on an occasion such as this, since, though he belonged 

 to the other side, his physiological life was x)assed and his work was 

 done on this side, one who has been taken from us since this associ- 

 ation last met — Henry Newell Martin'? 



Yes; during these thirteen years, if we put aside the loss of com- 

 rades, physiology has been prosperous Avith us and the outlook is 

 bright; but, as every cloud has its silver lining, so shadow follows all 

 sunshine, success brings danger, and something bitter rises up amid 

 the sweet of prosperity. The development of which I have spoken is 

 an outcome of the progressive activity of the age, and the dominant 

 note of that activity is heard in the word "commercial." Koblemen 

 and noblewomen open shop, and everyone, low as well as high, presses 

 forward toward large or quick profits. The very influences which 

 have made devotion to scientific inquiry a possible means of livelihood, 

 and so fostered scientific investigation, are creating a new danger. 

 The path of the in-ofessor was in old times narrow and straight, and 



