556 THE UNITY OP THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



concluded from these facts that the corjises were despoiled of their, 

 flesli probably by a rapid i^rocess, for nearly all the bones preserved 

 their natural position and were still united by their tendons and liga- 

 ments. 



The later discoveries have gone to confirm those of Baousse-Eousse. 

 M. Hardy found at Eamonden, in the commune of Chancelade, Dor- 

 dogne, a grave containing skeletons, the bones of which were reddened 

 by oligist.' They belonged to a man of about fifty-five or sixty years of 

 age, 5 feet in height, with large head, strongly dolichocephalic, face 

 large and high, orbits the same, strong under Jaw, bones relatively long, 

 and hands and feet large. The bones were stout and thick, with pro- 

 nounced muscular attachments. The forehead and the capacity of the 

 skull resembled those of the highest and most cultivated races.'-^ This 

 skeleton of Chancelade assuredly can not fill the gap which exists 

 between man and other zoological groups.'* 



The right temporal region presented traces of a wound measuring 

 63 by 50 millimeters, of which the reparati^on was well defined, showing 

 that the individual had survived the wound. With the skeleton was 

 found a baton de commandement in reindeer horn, on which had been 

 engraved a representation of alca impennis, a pendant with the head of 

 a mountain sheep, and seven small personages. The industry of the 

 Madelainien epoch is here definitely characterized. 



There was a firej)lace or layer of ashes and cinders 14J inches in 

 thickness. At the base there was a small vein, colored like red brick, 

 with peroxide of iron. Was it by contact with this small vein that the 

 bones had taken their red tint, or is it not more probable that the 

 ferruginous stratum had been applied after the removal of the flesh 

 and the exposure of the bones'? M. Hardy, who studied the conditions 

 in place, pronounced in favor of the latter hypothesis, although he did 

 not dissimulate the possibility that during an inundation the red ocher 

 spread itself throughout the sepulcher and may have covered the skel- 

 eton, and so each of the bones become impregnated with the color. 



Abbe Tournier and M. Charles Guillon excavated a cavern which 

 had been occupied by man after the retreat of the quaternary glaciers 

 near the village of Rossilon, department of Ain, known by the name 



1 Peaux and Hardy, Acad, des Sciences, December 17, 1888; Cartailhac, La France 

 prehistorique, page 116. Oligist is a combination of iron and oxygen. 



"M. Hardy reported the cranial capacity at 1,710 cubic centimeters. The registra- 

 tions of Broca, given in Eevue d'Anthropologie in 1882 by Dr. Topinard, shows 

 rarely, but still shows, a cranial capacity clearly more. The skull from Grenelle, 

 belonging to the epoch of chipped flint, measures 1,552 cubic centimeters; the skulls 

 of L'Homme Mort cube 1,606 cubic centimeters; one from the grotto of Baye, 1,551 

 cubic centimeters ; that of Vaureal, 1,533 cubic centimeters. The last three belong 

 to the Neolithic period. I know only one prehistoric skull, that found by M. Siret, 

 which surpasses that of Chancelade. It measures 1,716 cubic centimeters. 



■'Dr. Testut, Reserches Anthropologiques sur le squelette quarternaire de Chance- 

 lade. Bui. Soc. Anth., 1890, pages 453, 454. 



