THE UNITY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 565 



in favor of the unity of tlie human species. This argument should be 

 further presented and such facts produced as justify it. 



An infant, the child of a savage, might amuse himself by tracing in 

 the sand or on stone, or on the first object that came under his hand, 

 squares, circles, crosses, and lines, making all imaginable angles; with 

 progress the child can reproduce the images of his mind, the scenes 

 that strike him most, even to bizarre figures which are due only to his 

 iuiagiuation. He will not produce a sign as complicated as the Swas- 

 tika unless he has, or has had, it before his eye, or unless it shall have 

 been transmitted to him by his ancestors. It is puerile to explain its 

 presence in so many and such widely separated regions by the theory 

 of the identity of the psychologic state among human races which 

 have the same rudimentary culture. 



The mysterious Swastika^ figured on the idols and spindle whorls^ of 

 the ancient Dardania, on the diadem of the daughters of Priam, and 

 on the numberless objects from the early cities on the hill of Hissarlik,^ 

 in the sacred temples of India, as on the bas relief of Ibriz, attributed 

 to the Hittites,^ on Celtic funeral urns, and on the hut urns of Albano 

 or Corneto, a curious imitaLion of the habitations of the living wherein 

 they have piously deposited the ashes of tlie dead.' 



We see the Swastika on the balustrades of the porticos of the temple 

 of Athena at Pergamos, on the sculptured ceiling of the Treasury at 

 Orchomenos, on the vases of Milo and Athena, those of Bologna, the 

 ancient Felsina of the Etruscans,*' of Ca^.re (Oervetri),'^ Oumes,*^ Cyprus,'' 

 and on the pottery gathered at Konigswalde on the Oder; on a golden 



' Sometimes the arms of the Swastika turn to the left, to which Prof. Max Muller 

 says has been given the name Suavastika. [Mr. Virchand R. Gandlii reports that 

 while studying an ancient Sanscrit philosophy, in the British Museum library, he 

 found the word Suavastika in connection with Swastika. — T. W.] 



'-^The number of these objects casts a doubt upon their use as spindle wl^orls only. 

 They may have been religious objects, a sort of exvoto, for example. 



•* Schliemann, Ilios, figs. 1873, 1911, and others. * 



"■S. Eeinach, Le mirage oriental, Anthropologic, 1893. 



"Dennis, Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, Vol. I, page 69; Vol. II, page 457. 

 Dennis regards these urns as anterior to the Etruscan civilization. See also Annali 

 Del. 'Inst. Eomano, 1871, pages 239, 279. 



Prof. H. W. Hayues, of Boston, is of opinion that these belong to the Iron Age. 

 (Nation, January 24, 1889.) 



Professor Heilbig, C4uide to the Collection of Classic Antiquities in Rome, Vol. 

 II, page 267; Pigorini, Bulletino Ethnologia Italiana, Vol. XII, page 262; Chantre, 

 Necropoles Halstattiehnes de Italie et de I'Antriche, Materiaux, Vol. XVIII, » 

 pages 3, 4. 



''Gozzadini, Scavi Archajologici, PI. IV. 



'In a tomb at Ca^re there has been found a golden fibula with engraved Swastika. 

 Greffi, Monumenti di Ctere, PI. VI, No. 1. 



*'At Cumes has been found the sign (Swastika) on pottery, buried at great depth, 

 which mark the establishment of sepulchres at the most ancient periods, beneath 

 the tombs of the Hellenic epoch, they in turn being under those of the Roman epoch. 

 Alex. Bertrand (Arch, celtique et gauloise, page 45). 



^Cesnola, Cyprus, its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples, pis. 44 and 47. 



