566 THE UNITY OP THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



fibula of the Museum of the Vatican, and on a copper fibula of the 

 Eoyal Museum of Copenhagen. It is encountered in the most ancient 

 paintings of the catacombs of Eome on the tunic of the Bon Pasteur,' 

 and on the archbishop's chair of St. Ambrose at Milau, where it is 

 associated with the Latin cross and the monogram of Christ; on the 

 ancient sacred books of Persia, as well as on the coins of Arsacides 

 and the Sassanides; on the most ancient Christian monuments of Scot- 

 land and Ireland, often accompanied with Ogam inscriptions j^ on the 

 Scandinavian runic books; in the Halstattien sepulchres of San Mar- 

 garether or de Eovische,^ and in the necropolis of Koban.'' 



Schliemann found it at Tiryns and at Mycemie;'^ Cartailhac in the 

 citanias, those strange fortified towns of Portugal, some of which date 

 from Neolithic times ;'^ Chantre in the tombs in Caucasus,^ and the 

 Eussian archaeologists on the bronze objects from their country in the 

 Museum of Moscow. 



The Swastika has been found in France, in the tumuli (mounds) of 

 Haguenau, engraved on the cinctures of bronze.^ It is perpetuated on 

 objects posterior or strange to the Eoman domination. For example, 

 on those taken in the Frankish tombs opened at Colombe (Loire-et- 

 Cher), on a funeral stele at the Museum of Toulouse, on a vase at the 

 Museum of Eouen,^ on the cinctures, Gallo-Eoman or Merovingian, near 

 La Fere.'" The Swastika also is found on a Celto-Eoman altar erected 

 at Ambloganna, in England by a Daciau legion in honor of Zeus or 

 Jupiter." On the right and left are two circles, rayed after the fashion 

 of stars, which Gaidoz believes to be a representation of the sun.'^ The 

 Laplanders still engrave the Swastika on their drums intended to be 

 used in magic rites. 



The Chinese decorate with it their standards, instruments of music, 

 and their cannon.'^ The Ja]3anese employ it as a mark on their pottery, 

 and the^Iindus paint it in red on their houses at the beginning of the 

 New Year, and make it with flour or sacred rice upon a table or stand 



1 Roller, Les Catacombes de Rome, Pis. VI, X, XXXII, XXXIX, LIV, LXXXVIII, 

 XCIV. 



2 Dr. Crraves, Bishop of Limerick, Proceediugs Roy. Irish Acad. Ludvig Miiller 

 reports the same. 



3 Materiaux, 1884, pages 137, 139, 466, and fig. 84. 

 *Mat(Sriaux, 1888, page 352. 



^ MycentB, page 193. 



^'L'Espagne et le Portugal pr6historiques, figs. 410-412. .Recently M. da Veiga 

 has recognized the Swastika in the compartments of a mosaic found in Algarve. 

 L'Anthropologie, 1891, page 222. 



'' M. Chantre assimilates these burials to those of Villanova, Halstatt, and Bis- 

 meutova in upper Italy. Materiaux, 1881, pages 164, 165. 



8 De Mortillet, Album prehistorique, pages 98, 99, 100. 



9De Mortillet, Album prehistorique, figs. 1257, 1247. 



'"Moreau, Album de Caranada. 



" Goblet' d'Alviella, La migration des symboles, page 65. 



12 Le dieu gaulois du soleil et la migration des Symboles. 



13 The letter of Gordon to Schliemann, Ilios, page 352. 



