598 STONE IMPLEMENTS FROM SHORES OF LAKE MICHIGAN. 



nature of the material, not a possible outcome of tbe process; and the 

 specimens shown in d and e, Plate IX, do not have the meaning in the 

 Benton refuse that exactly similar forms have been demonstrated to 

 have in the Piny Branch rejectage. 



Tabulated statement. — The following table will aid in comparing the 

 various classes of trap products. It shows clearly that the flake was 

 much more extensively used than the nucleus. 



The used and shaped flakes comprise nearly all the large outer flakes 

 and about au equal number of medium size, while a very few of the 

 smaller flakes became tools. Of the total flakage 21.6 per cent are 

 used flakes, and 3.4 per cent specialized and used flakes. Twenty-five 

 per cent ia therefore the proportion of used implements. On the other 

 hand, there are eleven used faceted cobblestones and one specimen 

 that may be classed as a completed and used celt, less than 5 per cent 

 of the total number of flaked stones. Two of the used faceted stones 

 used for grinding have been illustrated (e, Plate I, and h, Plate II). 

 The remaining six show very slight flaking. Of the three specimens 

 showing use only one was flaked, and that but slightly, around the 

 margin. Similar specimens, but unused, are tabulated with the reject- 

 age. It appears, therefore, that nearly all of the Benton series of 

 implements are flakes or of flake origin. 



Of the 1,051 flakes found a little more than 80 per cent, including 

 the used and the shaped flakes, are such as must have been struck from 

 cobblestones from which not more than five flakes have been derived. 

 The other 20 per cent 'are such as would originate in further shaping 

 of the flakes or of the cobblestones. 



The amount of flakage and the number of cobblestones flaked are 



