602 ARCH^OLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA IN 1897. 



of this zone or to find its eastern limits. I therefore began work on a 

 ruin in as nearly as possible the same latitude as Walpi, to determine 

 the relation of its antiquities with those of Tusayan. It was found 

 expedient to choose the ruin called Kintiel for this study, which choice 

 took me into a region with archaeological characters different from those 

 on which I had formerly worked. 



While the line of demarcation between the Hopi and Zuili zones of 

 ruins is not a sharp one, and ancient pottery of the one grades imper- 

 ceptibly into that of the other, as might be expected, we can say that 

 there are two parallel sections of country extending north and soutli, 

 which are aobaiologically different, separated by the boundary of New 

 Mexico and Arizona. In the Arizona section there is a marked archi- 

 tectural similarity of the ruins from the Colorado River to the Gila, and 

 a difference from the Zuiii belt which extends across New Mexico from 

 San Juan River, southward. The variations in the ceramic art of these 

 two sections, in prehistoric times, were not as marked as that between 

 the modern Hopi and Zuni, the survivors of the inhabitants of these 

 ancient pueblos. The plan of work in 1897, was to gather more data 

 than were hitherto available bearing on these differences. 



TvINTIEL AND NEIGHBORING RUINS. 



A ruin which is designated on many recent maps by the name Pueblo 

 Grande is situated about 25 miles north of Navajo, one of the small 

 stations on the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. This ruin is called by the 

 Navajo Indians, Kintiel (broad house), and is one of the largest in New 

 Mexico or Arizona. It is claimed by Zuiii traditionalists as a former 

 home of some of their ancestral clans. 



Up to within a few years Pueblo Grande, or Kintiel, was one of the 

 best preserved ruins in the southwest, and one of the largest west of 

 those in Ohaco Canyon. Its walls were at that time almost entire, but 

 since then most of them have been torn down to yield building material 

 for the house of a trader, who has built his store in about the center 

 ol bhe old pueblo, and dug out the old spring in the middle of the ruin. 

 Little attention has been paid to this ruin by archteologists and no 

 attempt at elaborate excavations has been made. 



The destruction of the walls of Kintiel rendered it impossible for me 

 to add anything to the description of them given ' by Mr. V. Mindeleff", 

 and my attention was therefore mainly turned, as soon as I saw the 

 mutilation of the ruin, to the character of the material that could be 

 brought to light by excavations. A cemetery was soon discovered on 

 the eastern side of the northern section, through which extensive 

 trenches were dug extending from the outer walls of the ruin to the 

 peripherj^of the mounds. It was found that the same custom of bury- 

 ing the dead just outside the outer wall of the pueblo prevailed here 

 as at Sikyatki, Homolobi, and the ruin at Chevlon Fork, but that the 



' Eighth Auiuial Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 



