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  KEPOET 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  to 
  accommodate 
  all 
  the 
  inhabitaots 
  of 
  the 
  surrounding 
  town 
  in 
  case 
  of 
  

   war 
  or 
  danger 
  from 
  invasion. 
  Taking 
  this 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  case, 
  I 
  have 
  given 
  

   that 
  ancient 
  town 
  the 
  nanie 
  of 
  Acropolis. 
  It 
  is 
  interesting 
  to 
  observe 
  

   the 
  accuracy 
  of 
  the 
  angles 
  in 
  the 
  wall, 
  in 
  the 
  rectangular 
  doors, 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  few 
  windows 
  that 
  furnish 
  light 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  rooms. 
  At 
  

   first 
  sight 
  the 
  care 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  building 
  had 
  been 
  constructed, 
  and 
  

   the 
  regularity 
  of 
  design 
  and 
  execution 
  visible 
  in 
  every 
  detail, 
  suggested 
  

   to 
  us 
  the 
  idea 
  that 
  Spaniards 
  might 
  have 
  had 
  something 
  to 
  do 
  with 
  its 
  

   erection, 
  and 
  that 
  we 
  had 
  before 
  us, 
  perhaps, 
  the 
  ruins 
  of 
  an 
  ancient 
  

   mission. 
  Upon 
  very 
  careful 
  examination, 
  however, 
  not 
  even 
  a 
  trace 
  

   of 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  any 
  metal 
  tool 
  or 
  instrument 
  could 
  be 
  found. 
  The 
  beams 
  

   were 
  cut 
  off 
  perfectly 
  smooth, 
  but 
  showed 
  no 
  marks 
  of 
  cutting 
  whatever, 
  

   and 
  all 
  the 
  stones 
  were 
  smoothed 
  oflt" 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  that 
  would 
  not 
  have 
  

   been 
  produced 
  by 
  metal 
  tools. 
  No 
  metal 
  of 
  any 
  kind 
  was 
  observed 
  in 
  

   the 
  building 
  itself, 
  willow 
  thongs 
  supplying 
  the 
  places 
  of 
  nails 
  and 
  bolts. 
  

   In 
  the 
  court-yard 
  heaps 
  of 
  broken 
  pottery 
  were 
  found, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  

   showing 
  very 
  pretty 
  designs. 
  The 
  only 
  specimen 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  re- 
  

   garded 
  as 
  a 
  household 
  article 
  was 
  a 
  stone, 
  such 
  as 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  

   Indians, 
  more 
  particularly 
  the 
  Moquisand 
  allied 
  tribes, 
  use 
  for 
  grinding 
  

   their 
  corn. 
  It 
  is 
  natural 
  that 
  at 
  a 
  place 
  where 
  our 
  present 
  Indians 
  pass 
  

   so 
  frequently, 
  no 
  entire 
  i)ieces 
  of 
  pottery 
  will 
  be 
  found, 
  except 
  by 
  exca- 
  

   vation.- 
  Whatever 
  may 
  be 
  exposed 
  to 
  view 
  and 
  appear 
  serviceable 
  to 
  

   them 
  they 
  will 
  appropriate 
  to 
  their 
  own 
  uses. 
  

  

  This 
  brief 
  description 
  has 
  merely 
  been 
  given, 
  because 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  aware 
  

   that 
  any 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  this 
  survey 
  visited 
  the 
  same 
  locality. 
  It 
  is 
  

   not 
  my 
  province 
  to 
  discuss 
  archaeological 
  matters, 
  I 
  will 
  therefore 
  refer 
  

   for 
  information 
  on 
  this 
  subject 
  to 
  United 
  States 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  

   Bulletin, 
  March 
  21, 
  1876, 
  which 
  discusses 
  at 
  length 
  the 
  by 
  far 
  more 
  

   complete 
  discoveries 
  made 
  farther 
  west. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  interest 
  to 
  know 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  limits 
  reached 
  by 
  this 
  ancient 
  people, 
  and 
  mention 
  shall 
  there- 
  

   fore 
  be 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  proper 
  place, 
  of 
  observations 
  made 
  which 
  indicate 
  

   their 
  presence 
  at 
  any 
  given 
  j)oint. 
  

  

  East 
  of 
  the 
  Animas 
  is 
  the 
  Eio 
  Pinos. 
  It 
  heads 
  near 
  station 
  21 
  of 
  1874, 
  

   and 
  flows 
  about 
  southwest 
  for 
  some 
  distance. 
  At 
  first 
  it 
  passes 
  through 
  

   the 
  metamorphic 
  quartzites 
  of 
  the 
  high 
  mountain 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   name, 
  then 
  enters 
  Carboniferous, 
  and 
  afterward 
  Cretaceous 
  sedimentary 
  

   beds. 
  On 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Pinos 
  is 
  Rio 
  Vallecito, 
  bringing 
  a 
  good 
  

   supply 
  of 
  water 
  into 
  the 
  former. 
  Below 
  station 
  48 
  the 
  stream 
  receives 
  

   no 
  tributaries 
  of 
  any 
  importance. 
  From 
  there 
  downward 
  it 
  passes 
  

   through 
  the 
  same 
  beds 
  of 
  sandstone 
  and 
  shale 
  that 
  we 
  find 
  on 
  the 
  

   Animas, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  their 
  lithological 
  constitution 
  that 
  prevents 
  water 
  

   from 
  ruiming 
  any 
  considerable 
  distance 
  in 
  them. 
  Beds 
  in 
  which 
  creeks 
  

   flow 
  during, 
  some 
  seasons 
  of 
  the 
  year, 
  show 
  that 
  at 
  those 
  times 
  large 
  

   quantities 
  of 
  water 
  pass 
  over 
  them, 
  but 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  of 
  time 
  

   they 
  are 
  dry. 
  The 
  Pinos 
  joins 
  the 
  San 
  Juan 
  at 
  station 
  58, 
  which 
  was 
  

   located 
  on 
  a 
  bluff, 
  immediately 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  latter. 
  Eegarding 
  the 
  

   character 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  through 
  which 
  Eio 
  Pinos 
  flows, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  said 
  

   that 
  it 
  closely 
  resembles 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Animas 
  region. 
  Starting 
  in 
  the 
  deep, 
  

   rugged 
  canons 
  of 
  the 
  Quartzite 
  Mountains, 
  it 
  emerges 
  from 
  them 
  into 
  the 
  

   densely 
  timbered 
  hills 
  of 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  area. 
  Thence 
  it 
  reaches 
  the 
  

   Cretaceous 
  beds, 
  cutting 
  caQons 
  into 
  the 
  sandstones 
  and 
  precipitous 
  

   gullies 
  into 
  the 
  higher, 
  soft 
  shales. 
  After 
  leaving 
  the 
  latter, 
  it 
  enters 
  

   the 
  regions 
  of 
  bluffs, 
  of 
  sandstone 
  and 
  of 
  shale, 
  there 
  confining 
  itself 
  

   to 
  a 
  comparatively 
  narrow 
  canon, 
  and 
  losing 
  in 
  its 
  volume 
  of 
  water 
  as 
  

   it 
  advances 
  southward. 
  

  

  Eio 
  Pied 
  1 
  a, 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Pinos, 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  tributary 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  