﻿478 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  little 
  reason 
  to 
  doubt 
  that 
  these 
  "Buffes" 
  were 
  the 
  moose, 
  which 
  the 
  

   early 
  voyagers 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  adjacent 
  mainland 
  in 
  great 
  numbers; 
  

   yet 
  Marcy* 
  and 
  others 
  have 
  supposed 
  this 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  possible 
  reference 
  

   to 
  the 
  butfalo, 
  probably 
  from 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  word 
  " 
  Buffes." 
  

  

  Another 
  similar 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  an 
  animal 
  like 
  an 
  ox 
  

   in 
  Newfoundland 
  is 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  report 
  of 
  Sir 
  Humphrey 
  Gilbert's 
  

   voyage 
  to 
  this 
  island 
  in 
  1583. 
  In 
  an 
  enumeration 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  commodities 
  

   thereof" 
  are 
  mentioned 
  " 
  Beasts 
  of 
  sundry 
  kindes, 
  red 
  deare, 
  buffles 
  

   or 
  a 
  beast, 
  as 
  it 
  seemeth 
  by 
  the 
  tract 
  & 
  foote 
  very 
  large, 
  in 
  maner 
  of 
  

   an 
  oxe."t 
  In 
  the 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  "first 
  voyage 
  made 
  to 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  

   America" 
  by 
  Captains 
  Philip 
  Amadas 
  and 
  Arthur 
  Barlowe, 
  in 
  1584, 
  it 
  

   is 
  said 
  that 
  they 
  treated 
  with 
  the 
  Indians 
  for 
  " 
  Chamoys, 
  Buffe 
  and 
  

   Deere 
  skinnes";f 
  and 
  Thomas 
  Harlot, 
  in 
  his 
  "briefe 
  and 
  true 
  report 
  

   of 
  the 
  new 
  found 
  land 
  of 
  Virginia," 
  written 
  in 
  1587, 
  mentions 
  " 
  Deer 
  

   skinnes 
  dressed 
  after 
  the 
  manner 
  6f 
  Chamoes, 
  or 
  undressed," 
  among 
  

   the 
  commodities 
  of 
  the 
  country, 
  § 
  The 
  same 
  writer 
  speaks 
  later 
  of 
  the 
  

   " 
  beasts 
  " 
  of 
  Virginia, 
  and 
  says, 
  " 
  I 
  have 
  the 
  names 
  of 
  eight 
  and 
  twenty 
  

   severail 
  sorts, 
  .... 
  of 
  which 
  there 
  are 
  only 
  twelve 
  kinds 
  that 
  we 
  

   have 
  yet 
  discovered, 
  and 
  of 
  those 
  that 
  be 
  good 
  meat, 
  we 
  know 
  only 
  them 
  

   before 
  mentioned," 
  among 
  which 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  mention 
  of 
  any 
  " 
  Buffes," 
  

   " 
  Buftles," 
  " 
  wild 
  Cattle," 
  or 
  anything 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  at 
  all 
  

   like 
  the 
  buffalo. 
  || 
  

  

  read: 
  " 
  The 
  Beasts 
  of 
  the 
  Countrie, 
  as 
  Deere, 
  red, 
  and 
  fallow, 
  do 
  auswere 
  in 
  multitude 
  

   (people 
  for 
  people 
  considered) 
  to 
  our 
  proportion 
  of 
  oxen, 
  which 
  appeareth 
  by 
  these 
  

   experiences. 
  First 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  Countrie 
  are 
  apparelled 
  in 
  the 
  skinnes 
  of 
  these 
  

   beasts; 
  Next, 
  hard 
  by 
  the 
  forfc. 
  two 
  hundred 
  in 
  one 
  heard 
  have 
  been 
  usually 
  observed. 
  

   Further, 
  our 
  men 
  have 
  seen 
  4000. 
  of 
  these 
  skins 
  pyled 
  up 
  in 
  one 
  wardroabeof 
  Poicliaton 
  ; 
  

   Lastly, 
  infinite 
  store 
  have 
  been 
  presented 
  to 
  Captaine 
  Newport 
  up6n 
  sundry 
  occurrents 
  : 
  

   such 
  a 
  plentieof 
  Cattell, 
  as 
  all 
  the 
  Spaniardsfoundnot 
  in 
  the 
  whole 
  kingdome 
  of 
  Ifexico, 
  

   when 
  all 
  their 
  presents 
  were 
  but 
  heunes, 
  and 
  ginycocks, 
  and 
  the 
  bread 
  of 
  Maize, 
  and 
  

   Gently. 
  There 
  are 
  Arocouns, 
  and 
  Aposfioims, 
  in 
  shape 
  like 
  to 
  pigges, 
  shrouded 
  in 
  hol- 
  

   low 
  roots 
  of 
  trees 
  ; 
  There 
  are 
  Hares 
  and 
  Conies, 
  and 
  other 
  beasts 
  proper 
  to 
  the 
  Countrie 
  

   in 
  plentiful! 
  manner." 
  — 
  Force's 
  Coll. 
  Hist. 
  Tracts, 
  Vol. 
  Ill, 
  No. 
  1, 
  p. 
  1.3. 
  

  

  Captain 
  John 
  Smith, 
  in 
  his 
  " 
  Description 
  of 
  New 
  England," 
  printed 
  in 
  1616, 
  thns 
  

   enumerates 
  the 
  "beasts": 
  "Moos, 
  a 
  beast 
  bigger 
  than 
  a 
  Stagge 
  ; 
  Deere, 
  red, 
  and 
  Fal- 
  

   low; 
  Bevers, 
  Wolves, 
  Foxes, 
  both 
  blacke 
  and 
  other; 
  Aroughconds 
  [raccoons], 
  Wild- 
  

   cats, 
  Beares, 
  Otters, 
  Martins, 
  Fitches, 
  Musquassus, 
  and 
  diverse 
  sorts 
  of 
  vermiue, 
  whose 
  

   names 
  I 
  know 
  not." 
  — 
  Force's 
  Coll. 
  Hist. 
  Tracts, 
  Vol. 
  II, 
  No. 
  1, 
  p. 
  17. 
  

  

  William 
  Strachey, 
  in 
  his 
  "Historic 
  of 
  Travaile 
  into 
  Virginia 
  Britannia," 
  written 
  

   before 
  1620, 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  .... 
  the 
  people 
  Labout 
  the 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay] 
  breed 
  up 
  tame 
  

   turkies 
  about 
  their 
  bowses, 
  and 
  take 
  apes 
  in 
  the 
  mountaines," 
  on 
  the 
  authority 
  of 
  an 
  

   Indian 
  named 
  Machumps. 
  Again 
  he 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  Martins, 
  pole-catts, 
  weesells, 
  and 
  monkeys 
  

   we 
  knowe 
  they 
  have, 
  because 
  we 
  have 
  seene 
  many 
  of 
  their 
  skynus, 
  though 
  very 
  sel- 
  

   dom 
  any 
  of 
  them 
  alive."— 
  HaMuyt 
  Societifs 
  Publications, 
  Vol. 
  for 
  1849, 
  pp. 
  26, 
  12.5. 
  

  

  " 
  In 
  New 
  England's 
  Plantation 
  " 
  (London, 
  1630), 
  it 
  is 
  said 
  : 
  " 
  For 
  Beasts 
  there 
  are 
  

   some 
  Beares, 
  and 
  they 
  say 
  some 
  Lyons 
  also; 
  for 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  seen 
  at 
  Cape 
  Anne. 
  

   Also 
  here 
  are 
  severail 
  sorts 
  of 
  Deere, 
  some 
  whereof 
  bring 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  young 
  ones 
  at 
  

   once, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  ordinarie 
  in 
  England. 
  Also 
  Wolves, 
  Foxes, 
  Beavers, 
  Otters, 
  Martins, 
  

   great 
  wild 
  Cats, 
  and 
  a 
  great 
  Beast 
  called 
  a 
  Molke 
  [moose] 
  as 
  bigge 
  as 
  an 
  Oxe. 
  I 
  have 
  

   seen 
  the 
  skins 
  of 
  all 
  these 
  Beasts 
  since 
  I 
  came 
  to 
  this 
  Plantation, 
  excepting 
  Lyons. 
  

   Also 
  here 
  are 
  great 
  store 
  of 
  Squerrels, 
  some 
  greater, 
  and 
  some 
  smaller 
  and 
  lesser 
  ; 
  there 
  

   are 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  lesser 
  sort, 
  they 
  tell 
  me, 
  that 
  by 
  a 
  certaine 
  Skin 
  will 
  fly 
  from 
  Tree 
  to 
  

   Tree 
  though 
  they 
  stand 
  farre 
  distant." 
  — 
  Force's 
  Coll. 
  Hist. 
  Tracts, 
  Vol.'l, 
  No. 
  12, 
  p. 
  8. 
  

  

  Thomas 
  Morton, 
  in 
  his 
  "New 
  English 
  Canaan," 
  printed 
  iu 
  1632, 
  devotes 
  six 
  pages 
  to 
  

   a 
  description 
  of 
  tlie 
  " 
  beasts," 
  giving 
  very 
  quaint 
  and 
  curious 
  descriptions 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  

   more 
  important, 
  but 
  makes 
  no 
  reference 
  to 
  any 
  animal 
  like 
  the 
  buftalo. 
  

  

  Father 
  Andrew 
  White, 
  iu 
  describing 
  Maryland 
  iu 
  1632, 
  says, 
  ''But 
  so 
  great 
  is 
  tho 
  

   abnndance 
  of 
  swine 
  and 
  deer 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  rather 
  troublesome 
  than 
  advantageous. 
  

  

  * 
  Exploration 
  of 
  the 
  Red 
  River 
  of 
  Louisiana, 
  p. 
  104, 
  1853. 
  

  

  t 
  Hakluyt, 
  Voyages, 
  etc., 
  Vol. 
  Ill, 
  p. 
  195. 
  

  

  t 
  Ibid., 
  p. 
  303. 
  § 
  Ibid., 
  p. 
  327. 
  1| 
  Hakluyt, 
  Voyages, 
  etc., 
  p. 
  333. 
  

  

  