﻿480 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  ChamplaiD, 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  1604, 
  ascended 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  Eiver 
  nearly 
  

   to 
  Lake 
  Ontario, 
  and 
  although 
  he 
  obtained 
  from 
  the 
  Indians 
  quite 
  dis- 
  

   tinct 
  accounts 
  of 
  Lakes 
  Ontario 
  and 
  Erie, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  Copper 
  Mines 
  of 
  

   Lake 
  Superior, 
  he 
  seems 
  not 
  to 
  have 
  learned 
  anything 
  respecting 
  the 
  

   buffalo. 
  The 
  animal 
  which 
  he 
  describes 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  Orignac" 
  or 
  " 
  Original" 
  

   is 
  without 
  doubt 
  the 
  moose. 
  He 
  mentions 
  it 
  as 
  an 
  animal 
  " 
  which 
  is 
  like 
  

   an 
  Ox,"* 
  and 
  Purchas 
  in 
  his 
  marginal 
  notes, 
  adds, 
  ''Orignac, 
  a 
  beast 
  

   like 
  an 
  oxe." 
  He 
  first 
  met 
  with 
  it 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Saguenay, 
  and 
  

   later 
  encountered 
  it 
  among 
  the 
  animals 
  he 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  

   Kichelieu, 
  speaking 
  of 
  it 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  Orignac," 
  and 
  Purchas 
  again 
  adds, 
  

   " 
  Orignas 
  are 
  before 
  said 
  to 
  bee 
  like 
  oxen, 
  perhaps 
  Buffes. 
  Lescarhof, 
  

   [says] 
  that 
  Orignacs 
  are 
  U 
  Hans, 
  "^j 
  — 
  the 
  French 
  term 
  for 
  the 
  moose. 
  The 
  

   name 
  "orignac" 
  or 
  "original" 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  French 
  explorers 
  appears 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  applied 
  indifferently 
  to 
  both 
  the 
  moose 
  {Alces 
  malchis) 
  and, 
  

   the 
  elk 
  {Cervus 
  canadensis), 
  but 
  never 
  to 
  the 
  buffalo. 
  Champlain, 
  in 
  

   speaking 
  of 
  the 
  game 
  he 
  found 
  about 
  Lake 
  Champlain, 
  makes 
  no 
  refer- 
  

   ence 
  to 
  the 
  buffalo, 
  neither 
  do 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  subsequent 
  writers 
  of 
  the 
  

   seventeenth 
  century. 
  In 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  "Ellans," 
  we 
  find 
  in 
  Lescarbot's 
  

   account 
  the 
  following: 
  "The 
  winter 
  being 
  come, 
  the 
  Savages 
  of 
  the 
  

   Countrey 
  did 
  assemble 
  themselves 
  from 
  farre 
  to 
  Port 
  Boyall, 
  for 
  to 
  trucke 
  

   with 
  the 
  Frenchmen 
  for 
  such 
  things 
  as 
  they 
  had, 
  some 
  bringing 
  Beavers 
  

   skins 
  and 
  Otters 
  .... 
  and 
  also 
  Ellans 
  or 
  Stagges, 
  whereof 
  good 
  

   huffe 
  be 
  made." 
  | 
  We 
  thus 
  see 
  that 
  the 
  term 
  biiffe 
  was 
  also 
  applied 
  to 
  

   the 
  products 
  of 
  the 
  elk 
  and 
  moose. 
  Charlevoix's 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  

   Original, 
  however, 
  is 
  strictly 
  applicable 
  to 
  the 
  moose, 
  and 
  to 
  no 
  other 
  

   animal. 
  Charlevoix 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  What 
  they 
  here 
  [in 
  Canada] 
  call 
  the 
  Orig- 
  

   inal, 
  is 
  what 
  in 
  Germany, 
  Poland 
  and 
  Muscovy, 
  they 
  call 
  the 
  Elk, 
  or 
  

  

  Great 
  Beast 
  Its 
  Horns 
  are 
  not 
  less 
  long 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  a 
  

  

  Hart, 
  and 
  much 
  wider. 
  They 
  are 
  flat 
  and 
  forked 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  a 
  Deer, 
  

   and 
  are 
  renewed 
  every 
  Year."§ 
  

  

  Hennepin 
  ascended 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence 
  and 
  crossed 
  the 
  lakes 
  to 
  the 
  

   prairies 
  of 
  Indiana 
  and 
  Illinois 
  in 
  1679-80, 
  but 
  Hennepin 
  in 
  his 
  narra- 
  

   tive 
  of 
  his 
  travels 
  does 
  not 
  speak 
  of 
  meeting 
  with 
  the 
  buffalo 
  until 
  he 
  

   had 
  reached 
  the 
  Illinois 
  Eiver 
  in 
  December, 
  1679. 
  || 
  In 
  his 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  productions 
  of 
  Canada, 
  he 
  says, 
  " 
  There 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  had 
  Skins 
  of 
  Elks, 
  

   or 
  Orignanx, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  called 
  in 
  Canada, 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  Wolf 
  or 
  Lynx, 
  

   of 
  black 
  Foxes, 
  .... 
  of 
  common 
  Foxes, 
  Otters, 
  Martins, 
  wild 
  Cats, 
  

   wild 
  Goats, 
  Harts, 
  Porcupines," 
  etc.^ 
  In 
  the 
  account 
  he 
  has 
  given 
  of 
  

   his 
  travels 
  he 
  describes 
  the 
  buffalo 
  with 
  such 
  particularity** 
  as 
  to 
  leave 
  

   no 
  doubt 
  that 
  if 
  he 
  had 
  met 
  with 
  or 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  

   buffalo 
  in 
  what 
  is 
  now 
  known 
  as 
  Canada, 
  he 
  would 
  not 
  have 
  failed 
  to 
  

   enumerate 
  it 
  among 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  that 
  country. 
  

  

  In 
  1763 
  Marquette 
  passed 
  up 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence, 
  and 
  through 
  the 
  

   Great 
  Lakes 
  to 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  Yalley, 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  Lake 
  Michigan 
  and 
  

   the 
  Fox 
  and 
  Wisconsin 
  Elvers, 
  but 
  he 
  appears 
  not 
  to 
  have 
  met 
  with 
  

   the 
  buffalo 
  till 
  he 
  reached 
  the 
  Wisconsin 
  Eiver.tt 
  

  

  Charlevoix, 
  who 
  traversed 
  the 
  same 
  country 
  in 
  1720, 
  and 
  who 
  has 
  

   left 
  us 
  in 
  his 
  letters 
  a 
  full 
  account 
  of 
  his 
  journey 
  up 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence, 
  

  

  * 
  Purchas, 
  Pilgrims, 
  Vol. 
  IV, 
  p. 
  1607. 
  

   + 
  Ibid., 
  p. 
  1613. 
  

  

  X 
  Purchas, 
  Pilgrims, 
  Vol. 
  IV, 
  p. 
  1613. 
  

  

  ^ 
  Letters 
  to 
  the 
  Dutchess 
  of 
  Lesdiguieres, 
  Goadby's 
  English 
  Ed., 
  London, 
  1763, 
  p. 
  64. 
  

   II 
  New 
  Discovery 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  Country 
  in 
  America, 
  English 
  Ed., 
  1698, 
  p. 
  90. 
  

   !I 
  Voyage 
  into 
  North 
  America, 
  Euglish 
  Ed., 
  1679, 
  pp. 
  136, 
  137. 
  

   ** 
  New 
  Discovery, 
  etc., 
  p. 
  91. 
  

  

  it 
  An 
  Account 
  of 
  the 
  Discovery 
  of 
  some 
  new 
  Countries 
  and 
  Nations 
  in 
  N. 
  Araeiica 
  in 
  

   1673. 
  Translation 
  in 
  French's 
  Hist. 
  Coll. 
  La., 
  Part 
  II, 
  pp. 
  279-297. 
  

  

  