﻿482 
  EEPOET 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  Father 
  Le 
  Moine's 
  Journal 
  the 
  following 
  passages 
  render 
  it 
  certain 
  that 
  

   the 
  animals 
  referred 
  to 
  were 
  either 
  deer 
  or 
  elk 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  "1st 
  day 
  of 
  Sept. 
  I 
  never 
  saw 
  so 
  many 
  deer, 
  but 
  we 
  had 
  no 
  incli- 
  

   nation 
  to 
  hunt. 
  My 
  companion 
  killed 
  three, 
  as 
  if 
  against 
  his 
  will. 
  

   V7hat 
  a 
  pity 
  ! 
  for 
  we 
  left 
  all 
  the 
  venison 
  there, 
  reserving 
  the 
  hides 
  and 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  delicate 
  morsels. 
  

  

  " 
  2ud 
  of 
  the 
  mouth. 
  Travelling 
  through 
  vast 
  prairies, 
  we 
  saw 
  in 
  divers 
  

   quarters 
  immense 
  herds 
  of 
  wild 
  bulls 
  and 
  cows 
  ;* 
  their 
  liorns 
  resemble 
  

   in 
  some 
  respects 
  the 
  antlers 
  of 
  the 
  stag. 
  

  

  " 
  3d 
  and 
  4th. 
  Our 
  game 
  does 
  not 
  leave 
  us 
  ; 
  it 
  seems 
  that 
  venison 
  and 
  

   game 
  follow 
  us 
  everywhere. 
  Droves 
  of 
  twenty 
  cows 
  plunge 
  into 
  the 
  

   water 
  as 
  if 
  to 
  meet 
  us. 
  Some 
  are 
  killed, 
  for 
  sake 
  of 
  amusement, 
  by 
  blows 
  

   of 
  an 
  axe."t 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  context 
  we 
  learn 
  that 
  the 
  locality 
  was 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  leagues 
  

   above 
  Montreal, 
  on 
  the 
  St. 
  Lawrence. 
  These 
  bands 
  of 
  " 
  bulls 
  and 
  

   cows" 
  were 
  doubtless 
  elks 
  [Cervus 
  canadensis). 
  % 
  

  

  Peter 
  Kalm 
  says: 
  "Wild 
  cattle 
  are" 
  [1749] 
  "abundant 
  in 
  the 
  southern, 
  

   parts 
  of 
  Canada, 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  there 
  trom 
  time 
  immemorial. 
  They 
  are 
  

   plentiful 
  in 
  those 
  parts, 
  particularly 
  where 
  the 
  Illinois 
  Indians 
  live, 
  

   which 
  are 
  nearly 
  in 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  Philadelphia 
  5 
  but 
  further 
  north 
  they 
  

   are 
  seldom 
  observed," 
  § 
  In 
  respect 
  to 
  this 
  passage 
  it 
  is 
  almost 
  needless 
  

   to 
  add 
  that 
  the 
  portion 
  of 
  Canada 
  here 
  mentioned 
  is 
  the 
  present 
  State 
  

   of 
  Illinois. 
  

  

  Ogilby 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  Towards 
  the 
  South 
  of 
  IsTew 
  York 
  are 
  many 
  BulSes, 
  

   Beasts 
  which 
  (according 
  to 
  Erasmus 
  Stella) 
  are 
  betwixt 
  a 
  Horse 
  and 
  a 
  

  

  Stag 
  They 
  have 
  broad 
  branching 
  Horns 
  like 
  a 
  Stag, 
  short 
  Tail, 
  

  

  rough 
  N"eck, 
  Hair 
  colored 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  several 
  seasons," 
  etc. 
  The 
  

   animals 
  here 
  called 
  Biiffles, 
  were 
  of 
  course 
  elks, 
  showing 
  again 
  that 
  the 
  use 
  

   of 
  the 
  term 
  buffles 
  does 
  not 
  necessarily 
  imply 
  a 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  buffalo. 
  

   The 
  same 
  writer, 
  however, 
  in 
  his 
  description 
  of 
  Maryland, 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  In 
  the 
  

   upper 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Country 
  are 
  Buffaloes, 
  Ells, 
  Tygers, 
  Bears, 
  Wolves, 
  

   Racoons, 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  sorts 
  of 
  Beasts."|| 
  What 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  

   may 
  have 
  been 
  referred 
  to 
  as 
  the 
  "upper 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  country" 
  is 
  uncer- 
  

   tain, 
  but 
  the 
  preceding 
  narratives 
  of 
  exploration, 
  on 
  which 
  Ogilby's 
  work 
  

   is 
  based, 
  make 
  no 
  mention 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  the 
  buffalo 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  

   now 
  known 
  as 
  Maryland. 
  

  

  Father 
  Andrew 
  White, 
  in 
  "An 
  Account 
  of 
  the 
  Colony 
  of 
  the 
  Lord 
  

   Baron 
  of 
  Baltimore, 
  in 
  Maryland, 
  near 
  Virginia," 
  published 
  in 
  1677, 
  in 
  his 
  

   account 
  of 
  the 
  animals 
  previously 
  quoted 
  (p. 
  78, 
  footnote), 
  says 
  : 
  "There 
  

   are 
  also 
  vast 
  herds 
  of 
  cows 
  and 
  wild 
  oxen, 
  fit 
  for 
  beasts 
  of 
  burden 
  and 
  

  

  good 
  to 
  eat 
  The 
  nearest 
  woods 
  are 
  full 
  of 
  horses 
  and 
  wild 
  bulls 
  

  

  and 
  cows. 
  Five 
  or 
  six 
  thousand 
  of 
  the 
  skins 
  of 
  these 
  animals 
  are 
  carried 
  

   every 
  year 
  to 
  Saville, 
  from 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  which 
  lies 
  westward 
  

   towards 
  New 
  Mexico."^ 
  It 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  this 
  reference 
  to 
  herds 
  of 
  wild 
  

   cattle 
  refers 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  to 
  the 
  buffalo, 
  nor 
  even 
  to 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  country 
  now 
  

   known 
  as 
  Maryland, 
  but 
  to 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Possessions 
  in 
  the 
  southwest, 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  original 
  says, 
  " 
  grand 
  troupeaux 
  de 
  bceufs 
  «& 
  de 
  vaclies 
  sauvages." 
  — 
  Bel. 
  etc., 
  

   1653-54, 
  p. 
  60. 
  

  

  t 
  Ibid., 
  pp. 
  43, 
  44. 
  Translated 
  from 
  Relation 
  de 
  la 
  Nouv. 
  France, 
  1653-54, 
  pp. 
  95, 
  

   96. 
  

  

  X 
  Hunters, 
  both 
  in 
  Northern 
  New 
  England 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  West, 
  commonly 
  speak 
  of 
  the 
  

   male 
  moose 
  and 
  elk 
  as 
  " 
  bull 
  moose" 
  and 
  " 
  bull 
  elk," 
  and 
  the 
  females 
  as 
  " 
  cow 
  moose" 
  

   and 
  " 
  cow 
  elk." 
  

  

  § 
  Kalm's 
  Travels 
  in 
  N. 
  America, 
  Forster's 
  Translation, 
  Vol. 
  Ill, 
  p. 
  60. 
  

  

  llOgilby's 
  America, 
  pp. 
  172, 
  196 
  (Loudon, 
  1681). 
  

  

  if 
  Translation 
  of 
  Father 
  White's 
  '.' 
  Account," 
  in 
  Force's 
  Coll. 
  Hist. 
  Tracts, 
  Vol. 
  IV, 
  

   No. 
  12, 
  pp.6, 
  7. 
  

  

  