﻿ALLEN.] 
  FORMER 
  GEOGRAPHICAL 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  483 
  

  

  whence 
  the 
  exportation 
  of 
  hides 
  of 
  the 
  domestic 
  cattle 
  to 
  Spain 
  had 
  

   loug 
  before 
  begun.* 
  

  

  Professor 
  E. 
  D. 
  Cope,t 
  however, 
  recently 
  says: 
  ''Of 
  the 
  ruminants 
  [of 
  

   Maryland], 
  the 
  bison 
  {Bos 
  americamis) 
  and 
  the 
  elk 
  [Cervus 
  canadensis)^ 
  

   the 
  largest 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  true 
  deer, 
  have 
  been 
  destroyed 
  by 
  human 
  

   agency," 
  implying 
  their 
  former 
  existence 
  in 
  that 
  State. 
  On 
  inquiry 
  of 
  

   Professor 
  Cope 
  for 
  the 
  grounds 
  of 
  such 
  an 
  inference 
  he 
  states 
  | 
  that 
  he 
  

   has 
  found 
  their 
  unfossilized 
  bones 
  in 
  superficial 
  deposits 
  in 
  Virginia, 
  

   and 
  adds: 
  "I 
  think, 
  but 
  will 
  not 
  now 
  assert, 
  from 
  more 
  northern 
  local- 
  

   ities."§ 
  

  

  In 
  Salmon's 
  " 
  Present 
  State 
  of 
  Virginia," 
  printed 
  in 
  1737, 
  we 
  read 
  

   that 
  Sir 
  William 
  Berkeley 
  sent 
  (apparently 
  about 
  1733) 
  a 
  small 
  party 
  of 
  

   "about 
  fourteen 
  English 
  and 
  as 
  many 
  Indians^, 
  under 
  the 
  command 
  of 
  

   Captain 
  Henry 
  Batt," 
  to 
  explore 
  the 
  country 
  to 
  the 
  westward 
  of 
  the 
  

   settlements 
  in 
  Virginia. 
  " 
  They 
  set 
  out 
  together," 
  says 
  Salmon, 
  " 
  from 
  

   Appomattox, 
  and 
  in 
  Seven 
  Days 
  March 
  reach'd 
  the 
  Foot 
  of 
  the 
  Mountains. 
  

   The 
  Mountains 
  they 
  first 
  arriv'd 
  at 
  were 
  not 
  extraordinary 
  high 
  or 
  

   steep, 
  but 
  after 
  they 
  had 
  pass'd 
  the 
  first 
  Eidge 
  they 
  encountered 
  others 
  

   that 
  seem'd 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  Clouds, 
  and 
  were 
  so 
  perpendicular 
  and 
  full 
  of 
  

   Precipices, 
  that 
  sometimes 
  in 
  a 
  whole 
  Day's 
  March 
  they 
  could 
  not 
  travel 
  

   three 
  miles 
  in 
  a 
  direct 
  Line. 
  In 
  other 
  Places 
  they 
  found 
  large 
  level 
  

   Plains 
  and 
  fine 
  Savanna's 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  Miles 
  wide, 
  in 
  which 
  were 
  an 
  

   infinite 
  quantity 
  of 
  Turkies, 
  Deer, 
  Elks, 
  and 
  Buffaloes, 
  so 
  gentle 
  and 
  

   undisturbed 
  that 
  they 
  had 
  no 
  Pear 
  at 
  the 
  Appearance 
  of 
  the 
  Men, 
  but 
  

   would 
  suffer 
  them 
  to 
  come 
  almost 
  within 
  Eeach 
  of 
  their 
  Hands,"|| 
  This 
  

   account 
  shows 
  that 
  buffaloes 
  were 
  not 
  seen 
  by 
  the 
  explorers 
  till 
  they 
  

   entered 
  the 
  mountains 
  and 
  encountered 
  the 
  herds 
  that 
  extended 
  east- 
  

   ward 
  from 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  West 
  Virginia. 
  

  

  Another 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  supposed 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  buffalo 
  on 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  slope 
  of 
  the 
  Alleghanies 
  is 
  the 
  discovery 
  by 
  Sir 
  Samuel 
  Argoll 
  

   of 
  " 
  Shag-haired 
  Oxen" 
  in 
  Virginia. 
  In 
  his 
  letter 
  to 
  " 
  Master 
  Nicholas 
  

   Hawes 
  (written 
  June, 
  1613"), 
  as 
  given 
  by 
  Purchas, 
  Sir 
  Samuel 
  says 
  : 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  

   "[I] 
  returned 
  my 
  self 
  with 
  the 
  ship 
  into 
  PemhrooJc 
  Eiver, 
  and 
  so 
  discov- 
  

   ered 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  it, 
  which 
  is 
  about 
  65. 
  leagues 
  into 
  the 
  Land, 
  and 
  nav- 
  

   igable 
  for 
  any 
  ship. 
  Aiid 
  then 
  marching 
  into 
  the 
  Countrie, 
  I 
  found 
  great 
  

   store 
  of 
  Cattle 
  as 
  big 
  as 
  Kine, 
  of 
  which, 
  the 
  Indians 
  that 
  were 
  my 
  guides, 
  

   killed 
  a 
  couple 
  which 
  wee 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  good 
  and 
  wholesome 
  meate, 
  

   and 
  are 
  very 
  easie 
  to 
  be 
  killed, 
  in 
  regard 
  they 
  are 
  heavy, 
  slow, 
  and 
  not 
  so 
  

   wild 
  as 
  other 
  beasts 
  of 
  the 
  wildernesse."^ 
  Purchas 
  also 
  says, 
  in 
  his 
  

   " 
  Virginias 
  Verger, 
  or 
  Discourse 
  on 
  Virginia," 
  in 
  enumerating 
  the 
  ani- 
  

   mals 
  of 
  Virginia, 
  " 
  I 
  might 
  adde 
  Shag 
  haired 
  oxen, 
  seen 
  by 
  Sir 
  Samuel 
  

   Argoll." 
  

  

  The 
  "Pembrook," 
  or 
  "Penbrooke" 
  mentioned 
  in 
  Argoll's 
  account, 
  

   has 
  generally 
  been 
  considered 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  Patowomeck," 
  or 
  one 
  of 
  its 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Clavigero's 
  History 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  Culleu's 
  Euglisb 
  Translation, 
  Vol. 
  11, 
  p. 
  308> 
  

   where 
  Clavigero 
  states, 
  on 
  the 
  authority 
  of 
  Acosta, 
  that 
  in 
  1587 
  sixty-four 
  thousand 
  

   three 
  hundred 
  and 
  fifty 
  ox 
  hides 
  were 
  takeu 
  to 
  Spain, 
  so 
  rapidly 
  had 
  the 
  domestic 
  cat- 
  

   tle 
  increased 
  in 
  Mexico. 
  

  

  t 
  New 
  Top. 
  Map 
  of 
  Maryland, 
  p. 
  16, 
  1873. 
  

  

  t 
  In 
  a 
  letter 
  dated 
  December 
  22, 
  1875. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  connection 
  I 
  may 
  add 
  that 
  1 
  have 
  examined 
  remains 
  from 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  

   Susquehanna, 
  and 
  other 
  localities 
  in 
  Maryland, 
  some 
  partly 
  fossilized 
  and 
  others 
  nearly 
  

   unchanged, 
  which 
  though 
  collected 
  for 
  bison 
  remains 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  those 
  of 
  domestic 
  

   cattle. 
  

  

  II 
  Salmon 
  (T.), 
  The 
  Present 
  State 
  of 
  Virginia, 
  p. 
  14 
  (London, 
  1737). 
  

  

  H 
  Purchas, 
  Vol. 
  IV, 
  p. 
  1765. 
  

  

  