﻿ALLEN.] 
  FORMER 
  RANGE 
  SOUTH 
  OF 
  VIRGINIA. 
  489 
  

  

  posed 
  evidence 
  we 
  have 
  respecting 
  the 
  former 
  existence 
  of 
  the 
  bison 
  in 
  

   New 
  England, 
  or 
  anywhere 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes.* 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  original 
  notice 
  already 
  quoted 
  from 
  Lyell, 
  respect- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  bison's 
  teeth 
  in 
  Maine, 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  S. 
  Packard, 
  Jr., 
  

   refers 
  to 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  American 
  Naturalist, 
  t 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Memoirs 
  of 
  the 
  Bos- 
  

   ton 
  Society 
  of 
  Natural 
  History. 
  | 
  In 
  each 
  case, 
  however, 
  the 
  authority 
  

   is 
  the 
  same, 
  that 
  of 
  Lyell, 
  who 
  is, 
  however, 
  represented 
  as 
  having 
  hini- 
  

   self 
  discovered 
  the 
  specimens 
  in 
  the 
  clay-beds. 
  Dr. 
  Packard, 
  indeed, 
  

   speaks 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  intermingling 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  [teeth] 
  of 
  the 
  walrus 
  and 
  the 
  

   bison 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  beds," 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  record 
  showing 
  that 
  they 
  were, 
  

   actually 
  thus 
  associated. 
  § 
  

  

  Region 
  South 
  of 
  Virginia. 
  — 
  As 
  already 
  remarked, 
  the 
  only 
  well-au- 
  

   thenticated 
  instances 
  of 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  buffaloes 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Blue 
  

   Eidge 
  is 
  the 
  apparently 
  casual 
  passage 
  of 
  small 
  bands 
  through 
  the 
  

   mountains 
  from 
  West 
  Virginia, 
  Kentucky, 
  and 
  Tennessee, 
  into 
  the 
  

   upper 
  parts 
  of 
  North 
  and 
  South 
  Carolina, 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  the 
  New, 
  Holston, 
  

   andFrenchBroadRivers.il 
  Audubon 
  and 
  Bachman 
  state 
  that 
  "the 
  

   Bison 
  formerly 
  existed 
  in 
  South 
  Carolina, 
  on 
  the 
  seaboard, 
  and 
  we 
  are 
  

   informed," 
  say 
  these 
  authors, 
  " 
  that 
  from 
  the 
  last 
  seen 
  in 
  that 
  State 
  two 
  

   were 
  killed 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Columbia."^] 
  But 
  they 
  have 
  neglected 
  to 
  

   add 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  capture, 
  or 
  the 
  authority 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  statement 
  is 
  

   made. 
  They 
  state, 
  however, 
  that 
  " 
  Lawson 
  speaks 
  of 
  two 
  buffaloes 
  

   that 
  were 
  killed 
  on 
  Cape 
  Fear 
  Eiver, 
  in 
  North 
  Carolina." 
  Lawson's 
  

   statement 
  in 
  full 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  " 
  This 
  day 
  [Sunday, 
  February 
  1, 
  1700], 
  

   the 
  King 
  sent 
  out 
  all 
  his 
  able 
  Hunters, 
  to 
  kill 
  Game 
  for 
  a 
  great 
  Feast 
  that 
  

  

  was 
  to 
  be 
  kept 
  at 
  their 
  Departure, 
  from 
  the 
  Town 
  This 
  Evening, 
  

  

  [same 
  day] 
  came 
  down 
  some 
  Toteros, 
  tall, 
  likely 
  Men, 
  having 
  great 
  Plenty 
  

   of 
  Buffeloes, 
  Elks, 
  and 
  Bears, 
  with 
  other 
  sort 
  of 
  Deer 
  amongst 
  them."** 
  

   " 
  The 
  Toreros," 
  he 
  says, 
  " 
  a 
  neighboring 
  Nation 
  came 
  down 
  from 
  the 
  

   Westward 
  Mountains 
  to 
  the 
  Sa^ponas,^' 
  tt 
  etc. 
  Lawson 
  was 
  now 
  on 
  the 
  

   " 
  Sapona 
  Eiver," 
  in 
  or 
  near 
  the 
  mountains,|| 
  which 
  was 
  apparently 
  one 
  

  

  * 
  A 
  few 
  montlas 
  since 
  these 
  teeth, 
  with 
  Mrs. 
  Elton's 
  general 
  collection 
  of 
  the 
  tertiary- 
  

   fossils 
  of 
  Gardiner, 
  Maine, 
  were 
  presented 
  by 
  her 
  to 
  Bowdoin 
  College, 
  Brunswick, 
  

   Maine. 
  

  

  t 
  Vol. 
  I, 
  p. 
  268, 
  1867 
  ; 
  Vol. 
  VI, 
  p. 
  98, 
  1872. 
  

  

  1: 
  Vol. 
  I, 
  pp. 
  243, 
  246, 
  pi. 
  vii, 
  fig. 
  18, 
  1867. 
  

  

  9 
  Says 
  Dr. 
  Packard 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  deposits 
  of 
  Gardiner 
  possess 
  great 
  interest, 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  

   unusual 
  thickness, 
  and 
  the 
  rich 
  assemblage 
  of 
  marine 
  invertebrates 
  which 
  occur 
  from 
  

   the 
  lowest 
  to 
  the 
  highest 
  strata, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  teeth 
  of 
  the 
  bison 
  and 
  

   of 
  the 
  walrus, 
  which 
  were 
  dug 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  15 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  

   the 
  clay 
  during 
  Sir 
  Charles 
  Lyell's 
  second 
  visit 
  to 
  this 
  country 
  The 
  inter- 
  

   mingling 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  the 
  walrus 
  and 
  bison 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  beds 
  shows 
  the 
  great 
  range 
  

   both 
  of 
  Arctic 
  and 
  Temperate 
  forms 
  during 
  this 
  period." 
  — 
  Mem. 
  Bost. 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  

   Vol. 
  I, 
  p. 
  243. 
  

  

  Again 
  he 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  Teeth 
  of 
  the 
  w-alrus 
  and 
  the 
  bison 
  were 
  discovered 
  by 
  Sir 
  Charles 
  

   Lyell 
  in 
  the 
  clay 
  -beds 
  of 
  Gardiner, 
  Maine. 
  These 
  are 
  still 
  preserved 
  in 
  a 
  private 
  collec- 
  

   tion. 
  The 
  association 
  in 
  the 
  glacial 
  clays 
  of 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  the 
  bison 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  

   walrus, 
  and 
  the 
  mingling 
  of 
  the 
  Arctic 
  animals 
  and 
  plants 
  with 
  those 
  now 
  confined 
  to 
  

   British 
  North 
  America 
  and 
  New 
  England, 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  climate, 
  during 
  the 
  glacial 
  

   period, 
  was 
  a 
  little 
  warmer 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  Southern 
  Greenland 
  at 
  present." 
  — 
  Am. 
  Nat., 
  

   Vol. 
  I, 
  p. 
  268, 
  footnote. 
  

   _ 
  II 
  Gallatin 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  gap 
  through 
  which 
  they 
  [the 
  buffaloes] 
  passed 
  to 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  

   rivers 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  that 
  of 
  moderate 
  elevation 
  and 
  gentle 
  ascent, 
  which 
  divides 
  a 
  

   northeastern 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  Roanoke 
  from 
  the 
  Great 
  Keuawha, 
  called 
  the 
  New 
  River, 
  

   and 
  through 
  which 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  Virginia 
  is 
  now 
  attempting 
  to 
  open 
  a 
  communication 
  

   from 
  James 
  River 
  to 
  the 
  Ohio." 
  — 
  Trans. 
  Am. 
  Ethnological 
  Soc, 
  Vol. 
  II, 
  p. 
  li. 
  

  

  ^ 
  Quadrupeds 
  North 
  America, 
  Vol. 
  II, 
  p. 
  .55. 
  

  

  ** 
  History 
  of 
  Carolina, 
  p. 
  48 
  (London, 
  1718). 
  

  

  ttlbid., 
  p. 
  47. 
  

  

  It 
  A 
  rude 
  map 
  of 
  North 
  and 
  South 
  Carolina 
  accompanies 
  his 
  journal, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  map 
  

   the 
  word 
  Saponas 
  does 
  not 
  occur. 
  The 
  contest, 
  however, 
  shows 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  