﻿PACKAED.] 
  THE 
  LOCUST 
  IN 
  UTAH. 
  603 
  

  

  the 
  fruit-trees 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  as 
  to 
  injure 
  the 
  fruit. 
  From 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  T. 
  McDonald, 
  of 
  

   Prove 
  City, 
  I 
  learned 
  the 
  following 
  purticulars 
  iu 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  incursions 
  of 
  this 
  iu- 
  

   Bect 
  into 
  the 
  Territory 
  : 
  That 
  the 
  prevailing 
  cold 
  and 
  winter 
  storms 
  are 
  from 
  the 
  north- 
  

   west, 
  hut 
  that 
  the 
  grasshoppers 
  seldom 
  come 
  from 
  that 
  direction. 
  On 
  the 
  contrary, 
  

   they 
  generally 
  come 
  from 
  the 
  northeast, 
  through 
  the 
  canons, 
  heiug 
  hronght 
  in 
  by 
  the 
  

   local 
  currents 
  which 
  sweep 
  through 
  these 
  mountain 
  openings, 
  and 
  that 
  tbey 
  generally 
  

   pass 
  off 
  in 
  a 
  southwest 
  direction, 
  though 
  the 
  swarms 
  that 
  come 
  in 
  often 
  remain 
  and 
  

   deposit 
  their 
  eggs, 
  from 
  which 
  another 
  brood 
  arises 
  in 
  the 
  spring. 
  Sometimes, 
  after 
  a 
  

   swarm 
  has 
  departed 
  to 
  the 
  southwest, 
  the 
  wind 
  changes, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  driven 
  back 
  to 
  

   be 
  swallowed 
  up 
  iu 
  the 
  lake 
  or 
  perish 
  in 
  the 
  valley. 
  The 
  time 
  of 
  coming 
  varies 
  from 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  August. 
  The 
  eggs 
  that 
  are 
  deposited 
  here 
  usually 
  

   hatch 
  out 
  in 
  April 
  and 
  May. 
  The 
  growing 
  crops 
  receive 
  their 
  greatest 
  injury 
  from 
  the 
  

   young 
  which 
  a,re 
  hatched 
  in 
  the 
  valley. 
  The 
  usual 
  meihod 
  of 
  lightiug 
  these 
  young 
  

   gormands 
  is 
  to 
  drive 
  them 
  into 
  the 
  irrigating 
  ditches, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  drowned 
  in 
  the 
  

   water. 
  When 
  they 
  are 
  a 
  little 
  older 
  they 
  are 
  often 
  checked 
  by 
  scattering 
  straw 
  along 
  

   the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  ditches, 
  and 
  driving 
  them 
  into 
  it 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  morning, 
  and 
  then 
  tiring 
  

   it; 
  those 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  fire 
  being 
  caught 
  in 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  the 
  ditch 
  

   and 
  drowned. 
  But 
  these 
  methods 
  of 
  combating 
  them 
  are 
  practicable 
  only 
  when 
  they 
  

   are 
  in 
  the 
  larvse 
  and 
  pupa 
  states. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  McDonald 
  says 
  that 
  in 
  Utah, 
  at 
  least, 
  the 
  females 
  deposit 
  their 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  

   in 
  sacks 
  — 
  a 
  fact 
  heretofore 
  noticed 
  and 
  published 
  — 
  on 
  the 
  gravelly 
  elevated 
  plateaus, 
  

   or 
  foot-hills. 
  And 
  from 
  my 
  observations 
  this 
  season 
  1 
  am 
  inclined 
  to 
  agree 
  with 
  him 
  

   in 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  these 
  elevated 
  table-lands, 
  which 
  are 
  composed 
  of 
  coarse 
  sand 
  and 
  

   gravel, 
  and 
  but 
  slightly 
  covered 
  with 
  vegetation, 
  are 
  the 
  principal 
  hatching-grounds 
  

   of 
  the 
  migratory 
  swarms. 
  The 
  local 
  broods 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  Rocky^Mount- 
  

   ain 
  region, 
  from 
  Eaton 
  Mountains 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  been, 
  and 
  as 
  fa.r 
  west, 
  at 
  least, 
  

   as 
  Salt 
  Lake 
  Valley. 
  These 
  are 
  found 
  hatching 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  grassy 
  valleys 
  and 
  broad 
  

   plains 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  lands 
  and 
  np 
  the 
  mountain 
  canons 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  snow 
  limits. 
  And 
  

   these 
  broods 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  migrating 
  broods; 
  but 
  

   the 
  solution 
  of 
  these 
  questions 
  will 
  require 
  more 
  extended 
  observations 
  by 
  thooe 
  who 
  

   can 
  distinguish 
  the 
  species. 
  

  

  I 
  also 
  extract 
  from 
  Mr. 
  Thomas's 
  remarks 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  subject 
  in 
  Hay- 
  

   den's 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  Geology 
  ot 
  Montana, 
  1871, 
  p. 
  451: 
  

  

  Calopienus 
  spretus. 
  — 
  Fouud 
  the 
  past 
  season 
  [1871] 
  in 
  great 
  abundance 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  

   part 
  ot 
  Salt 
  Lake 
  Basin. 
  When 
  we 
  reached 
  Ogden, 
  June 
  1, 
  I 
  saw 
  but 
  very 
  few 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  ; 
  but 
  when 
  wo 
  reached 
  Box 
  Elder 
  Canon, 
  two 
  weeks 
  later, 
  the 
  larvae 
  were 
  seen 
  

   bpreading 
  out 
  from 
  points 
  where 
  they 
  had 
  evidently 
  been 
  hatched. 
  When 
  we 
  passed 
  

   through 
  the 
  hills 
  to 
  Cache 
  Valley, 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  farther, 
  and 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  later, 
  I 
  

   found 
  them 
  just 
  entering 
  their 
  perfect 
  state. 
  By 
  the 
  time 
  we 
  reached 
  the 
  north 
  end 
  

   of 
  the 
  valley, 
  about 
  the 
  20th 
  of 
  June, 
  they 
  were 
  taking 
  wing 
  and 
  proceeding 
  south- 
  

   ward. 
  Here 
  the 
  farmers, 
  who 
  have 
  observed 
  them 
  closely 
  for 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  > 
  ears, 
  say 
  

   that 
  they 
  never 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  but 
  universally 
  on 
  the 
  

   gravelly 
  elevated 
  terraces. 
  So 
  positive 
  are 
  they 
  on 
  this 
  point 
  that 
  one 
  farmer, 
  to 
  test 
  

   the 
  matter, 
  last 
  year 
  offered 
  $5 
  for 
  every 
  bunch 
  of 
  eggs 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  

   lower 
  valley 
  level 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  deposited 
  there 
  by 
  the 
  insect 
  itself, 
  but 
  none 
  were 
  

   brought 
  to 
  him. 
  I 
  think, 
  therefore, 
  we 
  may 
  conclude 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  pretty 
  well 
  settled 
  that 
  

   the 
  usual 
  ha.tching-grounds 
  of 
  the 
  destructive 
  swarms 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  giavelly 
  terraces 
  or 
  

   uplands. 
  Yet 
  that 
  considerable 
  nnmbtrs 
  are 
  hatched 
  iu 
  the 
  narrow 
  caiions 
  of 
  the 
  mod- 
  

   erately-elevated 
  mountains 
  I 
  think 
  is 
  also 
  certain, 
  as 
  I 
  observed 
  this 
  year 
  a 
  largenum- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  LirviB 
  in 
  Box 
  Elder 
  Canon 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  elevation 
  of 
  this 
  caiion 
  is 
  little, 
  if 
  any, 
  more 
  

   than 
  that 
  of 
  Cache 
  Valley. 
  When 
  I 
  returned 
  to 
  Salt 
  Lake 
  Basin, 
  early 
  in 
  August, 
  I 
  

   found 
  the 
  country 
  «warmiug 
  with 
  myriads 
  of 
  these 
  grasshoppers. 
  And 
  even 
  alter 
  wo 
  

   had 
  passed 
  eastward 
  on 
  the 
  railroad, 
  to 
  the 
  heights 
  near 
  Aspen 
  St-a-tion, 
  I 
  noticed 
  the 
  

   air 
  filled 
  with 
  their 
  snowy 
  wings, 
  but 
  could 
  not 
  tell 
  exactly 
  the 
  course 
  they 
  were 
  tak- 
  

   ing, 
  but 
  thought 
  they 
  were 
  moving 
  southwest. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  statements, 
  which 
  are 
  quoted 
  nearly 
  word 
  for 
  word, 
  are 
  

   made 
  by 
  W.Woodruff:' 
  and 
  A. 
  M. 
  Musser 
  iu 
  a 
  Mormon 
  paper. 
  The 
  locust 
  

   appeared 
  in 
  Utah 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  1855, 
  and 
  again 
  from 
  1866 
  to 
  ISTU, 
  inclu- 
  

   sive. 
  In 
  1855 
  they 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  west, 
  in 
  1866 
  from 
  the 
  north. 
  The 
  

   subsequent 
  years' 
  products 
  were 
  produced 
  from 
  eggs, 
  while 
  relays 
  came 
  

   from 
  all 
  directions. 
  They 
  hatched 
  out 
  from 
  April 
  to 
  June, 
  and 
  iu 
  1855 
  

   and 
  1872 
  left 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  September, 
  flying 
  north 
  and 
  east, 
  iu 
  dense 
  

   clouds 
  obstructing 
  the 
  sunlight. 
  In 
  1855 
  foreign 
  swarms 
  came 
  about 
  

   July, 
  in 
  1866 
  about 
  September, 
  and 
  deposited 
  eggs. 
  

  

  In 
  1855 
  about 
  75 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  cereals, 
  vegetables, 
  and 
  fruits 
  were 
  destroyed 
  by 
  

   them. 
  The 
  following 
  spring 
  the 
  peoiilo 
  subsisted 
  largely 
  on 
  thistle, 
  milkweed, 
  and 
  

   other 
  roots. 
  

  

  