﻿606 
  KEPOKT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SUKVET. 
  

  

  to 
  have 
  continned 
  during 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  till 
  the 
  15th 
  of 
  Jnne, 
  while, 
  ac- 
  

   cording 
  to 
  Mr. 
  Gunu 
  and 
  others, 
  Id 
  cold, 
  clayey 
  land 
  and 
  where 
  pools 
  of 
  water 
  from 
  

   the 
  melting 
  of 
  the 
  snow 
  lay 
  long, 
  isolated 
  colonies 
  came 
  out 
  at 
  still 
  later 
  dates. 
  Mr. 
  

   Gunn 
  states 
  that 
  grasshoppers 
  were 
  even 
  noticed 
  to 
  hatch 
  in 
  August 
  and 
  September 
  

   in 
  spots 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  covered 
  with 
  water 
  all 
  summer, 
  a 
  fact 
  showing 
  the 
  very 
  per- 
  

   sistent 
  vitality 
  of 
  the 
  eggs, 
  and 
  apparently 
  negativing 
  opinions 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  ex- 
  

   pressed 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  destruction 
  by 
  damp. 
  The 
  most 
  northern 
  locality 
  at 
  which 
  locusts 
  

   are 
  reported 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  produced 
  from 
  the 
  egg 
  is 
  at 
  Manitoboi 
  House, 
  Manitoba 
  Lake 
  

   (latitude 
  51°). 
  

  

  The 
  destruction 
  of 
  crops 
  by 
  the 
  growing 
  insects 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  settled 
  regions 
  was 
  very 
  

   great, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  districts 
  well-nigh 
  complete. 
  The 
  exodus 
  of 
  these 
  broods 
  began 
  

   in 
  the 
  early 
  part 
  o"f 
  July, 
  but 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  most 
  geneial 
  during 
  tbe 
  middle 
  

   and 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  that 
  month 
  and 
  first 
  of 
  August. 
  The 
  direction 
  taken 
  on 
  departure 
  

   was, 
  with 
  very 
  little 
  exception, 
  southeast 
  or 
  south. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  remarked 
  that 
  as 
  there 
  

   does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  during 
  this 
  period 
  any 
  remarkable 
  persistency 
  of 
  northwest 
  

   or 
  nortlierly 
  winds 
  the 
  insects 
  must 
  have 
  selected 
  those 
  favoring 
  their 
  intended 
  direc- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  migration, 
  an 
  inst-nct 
  which 
  has 
  very 
  generally 
  been 
  observed 
  elsewhere. 
  

   Though 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  parents, 
  in 
  1874, 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  northwest, 
  and 
  Manitoba 
  

   must 
  have 
  represented 
  to 
  those 
  ending 
  their 
  flight 
  there 
  the 
  southeastern 
  limit 
  of 
  their 
  

   range, 
  the 
  young 
  insects 
  of 
  1875 
  thus 
  took 
  a 
  southeastward 
  direction, 
  just 
  as 
  though 
  

   starting 
  from 
  their 
  usual 
  breeding-grounds 
  in 
  the 
  far 
  Northwest, 
  and 
  showed 
  no 
  dispo- 
  

   sition 
  to 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  region 
  whence 
  their 
  parents 
  came. 
  This 
  direction 
  of 
  flight 
  car- 
  

   ried 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  at 
  once 
  into 
  a 
  country 
  of 
  thick 
  woods, 
  swamps, 
  and 
  lakes, 
  

   and 
  caused 
  the 
  repetition 
  of 
  the 
  phenomenon 
  of 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  grasshoppers 
  in 
  

   great 
  numbers 
  about 
  the 
  Lake 
  of 
  the 
  "Woods, 
  a 
  circumstance 
  only 
  once 
  before 
  noted, 
  

   in 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  lg'57.* 
  This 
  previous 
  occasion, 
  however, 
  di&ered 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  last 
  

   year 
  in 
  being 
  an 
  extension 
  of 
  an 
  invasion 
  of 
  Manitoba 
  from 
  the 
  west 
  or 
  northwest 
  and 
  

   not 
  resulting 
  from 
  insects 
  hatching 
  in 
  that 
  province. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  grasshopper 
  swarms 
  of 
  Manitoba 
  thus 
  entering 
  the 
  

   wooded 
  country 
  were 
  there 
  harmlessly 
  spent, 
  for 
  though 
  some 
  northern 
  swarms 
  reached 
  

   the 
  State 
  of 
  Minnesota, 
  the 
  invasion 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  comparatively 
  unimportant. 
  

   Northern 
  swariQS 
  are 
  noted 
  to 
  have 
  passed 
  over 
  Crookston 
  (Polk 
  County, 
  Minnesota) 
  

   and 
  Fort 
  Totten 
  (Dakota), 
  the 
  greatest 
  number 
  appearing 
  at 
  the 
  latter 
  place 
  July 
  19. 
  

   The 
  locust 
  swarms 
  described 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Riley 
  t 
  in 
  the 
  followiug 
  paragraph, 
  from 
  informa- 
  

   tion 
  furnished 
  to 
  the 
  Chicago 
  Tribune, 
  dated 
  July 
  13, 
  probably 
  also 
  came 
  from 
  Mani- 
  

   toba: 
  " 
  The 
  first 
  foreign 
  hoppers 
  aj)peared 
  on 
  the 
  Sioux 
  City 
  Road, 
  alighting 
  between 
  

   Lake 
  Crystal 
  and 
  Saiiit 
  James 
  on 
  Wednesday 
  last. 
  A 
  few 
  days 
  later 
  they 
  were 
  ob- 
  

   served 
  at 
  New 
  Ulm 
  flying 
  southeast, 
  and 
  at 
  noon 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  day 
  struck 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  

   the 
  road 
  at 
  Madelina, 
  Saint 
  James, 
  Fountain 
  Lake, 
  Windom, 
  and 
  Heron 
  Lake, 
  cover- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  track 
  for 
  about 
  50 
  miles 
  of 
  its 
  length." 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  observed 
  on 
  referring 
  to 
  the 
  

   summary 
  on 
  another 
  page 
  that 
  the 
  insects 
  produced 
  in 
  Minnesota 
  itself 
  flew 
  southwest 
  

   In 
  the 
  early 
  part 
  of 
  July. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  trace 
  further 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  these 
  Manitoba 
  broods, 
  un- 
  

   less 
  indeed 
  it 
  be 
  supposed 
  that 
  some 
  at 
  least 
  of 
  the 
  swarms 
  which 
  passed 
  over 
  Central 
  

   Illinois 
  early 
  in 
  Septemtier 
  came 
  from 
  that 
  quarter. 
  These, 
  however, 
  Mr. 
  Riley 
  be- 
  

   lieves 
  not 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  true 
  migratory 
  locust, 
  C. 
  spreius. 
  

  

  Foreign 
  swarms 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  crossed 
  the 
  forty-ninth 
  parallel 
  with 
  a 
  wide 
  front 
  

   stretching 
  from 
  the 
  ninety-eighth 
  to 
  the 
  one 
  hundred 
  and 
  eighth 
  meridian, 
  and 
  are 
  

   (juite 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  those 
  produced 
  in 
  the 
  country 
  from 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  many 
  of 
  

   them 
  arrived 
  before 
  the 
  latter 
  were 
  mature. 
  These 
  flights 
  constituted 
  the 
  extreme 
  

   northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  army 
  returning 
  northward 
  and 
  northwestward 
  from 
  the 
  States 
  

   ravaged 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  of 
  1874. 
  They 
  appeared 
  at 
  Fort 
  EUice 
  on 
  the 
  13th 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  

   at 
  QiiAppelle 
  Fort 
  on 
  the 
  17th 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  month, 
  favored 
  much, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  by 
  the 
  

   steady 
  south 
  and 
  southeast 
  winds, 
  which, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  meteorological 
  register 
  at 
  

   "Winnipeg, 
  prevailed 
  on 
  the 
  VZ\\x 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  for 
  about 
  a 
  week 
  thereafter. 
  After 
  their 
  

   first 
  ai)pearance, 
  however, 
  their 
  subsequent 
  progress 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  comparatively 
  

   slow 
  and 
  their 
  advancing 
  border 
  vtrj 
  iiregular 
  in 
  outline. 
  They 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  liave 
  

   reachtd 
  Swan 
  Lake 
  House, 
  the 
  most 
  northern 
  point 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  have 
  

   attained, 
  about 
  July 
  10, 
  while 
  Fort 
  Pelly,faither 
  we-^t, 
  and 
  nearly 
  a 
  degree 
  farther 
  

   south, 
  was 
  reached 
  July 
  20, 
  and 
  about 
  seven 
  days 
  were 
  occupied 
  in 
  the 
  journey 
  thence 
  

   to 
  Swan 
  River 
  Barracks, 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  only 
  JO 
  miles. 
  It 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  probable 
  that 
  

   the 
  first 
  southern 
  swarms 
  were 
  followed 
  by 
  others, 
  which 
  mingled 
  with 
  them, 
  or 
  even, 
  

   iu 
  parts 
  of 
  Manitoba 
  and 
  the 
  country 
  immediately 
  west 
  of 
  it, 
  with 
  the 
  indigenous 
  

   brood. 
  From 
  a 
  few 
  localities 
  only 
  iu 
  Manitoba, 
  and 
  those 
  in 
  its 
  western 
  portion, 
  is 
  

   the 
  evidence 
  pretty 
  conclusive 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  foreign 
  swarms 
  from 
  the 
  south. 
  

   Bnrnside, 
  Westbourne, 
  Portage 
  la 
  Prairie, 
  Rockwood, 
  and 
  Pigeon 
  Lake 
  may 
  be 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  as 
  afibrding 
  instauces. 
  • 
  

  

  * 
  Not 
  18G7, 
  as 
  erroneously 
  printed 
  in 
  Notes 
  for 
  1874. 
  

  

  tFrom 
  Mr. 
  Charles 
  "V. 
  Riley's 
  very 
  interesting 
  Eighth 
  Annual 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  Noxious 
  

   Beneficial 
  and 
  other 
  Insects 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  Missouri. 
  

  

  