﻿PACKAED.] 
  ■• 
  HABITS 
  OF 
  THE 
  YOUNG 
  LOCUST. 
  631 
  

  

  each 
  inolt 
  the 
  wings, 
  at 
  first 
  very 
  small, 
  increase 
  in 
  size. 
  Mr. 
  Eiley 
  de- 
  

   scribes 
  minutely 
  the 
  molt 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  into 
  the 
  fully-winged 
  state. 
  

  

  When 
  about 
  to 
  acquire 
  wi;igs 
  the 
  pupa 
  crawls 
  up 
  some 
  post, 
  weed, 
  

   grass-stalk, 
  or 
  other 
  object, 
  and 
  clutches 
  such 
  object 
  securely 
  by 
  the 
  

   hind 
  feet, 
  which 
  are 
  drawn 
  up 
  under 
  the 
  body. 
  In 
  doing 
  so 
  the 
  fav- 
  

   orite 
  position 
  is 
  with 
  the 
  head 
  downward, 
  though 
  this 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  

   essential. 
  Eemaining 
  motionless 
  for 
  several 
  hours 
  in 
  this 
  position, 
  

   with 
  antennae 
  drawn 
  down 
  over 
  the 
  face, 
  and 
  the 
  whole 
  aspect 
  betoken- 
  

   ing 
  helplessness, 
  the 
  thorax, 
  especially 
  between 
  the 
  wing-pads, 
  is 
  

   noticed 
  to 
  swell. 
  Presently 
  the 
  skin 
  along 
  this 
  swollen 
  portion 
  splits 
  

   right 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  thorax, 
  starting 
  by 
  a 
  transverse- 
  

   curved 
  suture 
  between 
  the 
  eyes 
  and 
  ending 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen. 
  

   Let 
  us 
  now 
  imagine 
  that 
  we 
  are 
  watching 
  one 
  from 
  the 
  moment 
  of 
  this 
  

   splitting, 
  and 
  when 
  it 
  presents 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  Fig. 
  4, 
  a, 
  Plate 
  LXII. 
  

   As 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  skin 
  is 
  split 
  the 
  soft 
  and 
  white 
  fore-body 
  and 
  head 
  swell 
  

   and 
  gradually 
  extrude 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  by 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  muscular 
  contor- 
  

   tions 
  ; 
  the 
  new 
  head 
  slowly 
  emerges 
  from 
  the 
  old 
  skin 
  which, 
  with 
  its 
  

   empty 
  eyes, 
  is 
  worked 
  back 
  beneath 
  ; 
  the 
  new 
  feelers 
  and 
  legs 
  are 
  being 
  

   drawn 
  from 
  their 
  casings, 
  and 
  the 
  future 
  wings 
  from 
  their 
  sheaths. 
  At 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  six 
  or 
  seven 
  minutes 
  our 
  locust 
  — 
  no 
  longer 
  pupa 
  and 
  not 
  yet 
  

   imago 
  — 
  looks 
  as 
  in 
  Fig. 
  4, 
  b, 
  the 
  four 
  front 
  pupa-legs 
  being 
  generally 
  de- 
  

   tached, 
  and 
  the 
  insect 
  hanging 
  by 
  the 
  hooks 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  feet, 
  which 
  

   were 
  anchored 
  while 
  yet 
  it 
  had 
  that 
  command 
  over 
  them 
  which 
  

   it 
  has 
  now 
  lost. 
  The 
  receding 
  skin 
  is 
  trg^nsparent 
  and 
  loosened, 
  espe- 
  

   cially 
  from 
  the 
  extremities. 
  In 
  six 
  or 
  seven 
  minutes 
  more 
  of 
  arduous 
  

   labor, 
  of 
  swelling 
  and 
  contracting, 
  with 
  an 
  occasional 
  brief 
  respite, 
  the 
  

   antennse 
  and 
  the 
  four 
  front 
  legs 
  are 
  freed, 
  and 
  the 
  fulled 
  and 
  crimped 
  

   wings 
  extricated. 
  The 
  soft 
  front 
  legs 
  rapidly 
  stiffen 
  and, 
  holding 
  to 
  its 
  

   support 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  with 
  these, 
  the 
  nascent 
  locust 
  employs 
  what- 
  

   ever 
  muscular 
  force 
  it 
  is 
  capable 
  of 
  to 
  draw 
  out 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  

   and 
  its 
  long 
  hind 
  legs 
  (Fig. 
  4, 
  c). 
  This 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  more 
  minutes 
  it 
  

   finally 
  does, 
  and, 
  with 
  gait 
  as 
  unsteady 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  new-dropped 
  colt, 
  

   it 
  turns 
  round 
  and 
  clambers 
  up 
  by 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  shrunken 
  cast-off 
  skin 
  

   and 
  there 
  rests, 
  while 
  the 
  wings 
  expand 
  and 
  every 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  

   hardens 
  and 
  gains 
  strength, 
  the 
  crooked 
  limbs 
  straightening 
  and 
  the 
  

   wings 
  unfolding 
  and 
  expanding 
  like 
  the 
  petals 
  of 
  some 
  pale 
  flower. 
  

   The 
  front 
  wings 
  are 
  at 
  first 
  rolled 
  longitudinally 
  to 
  a 
  point, 
  and 
  as 
  

   they 
  expand 
  and 
  unroll, 
  the 
  hind 
  wings, 
  which 
  are 
  tucked 
  and 
  gathered 
  

   along 
  the 
  veins 
  at 
  first, 
  curl 
  over 
  them. 
  In 
  ten 
  or 
  fifteen 
  minutes 
  from 
  

   the 
  time 
  of 
  extrication 
  these 
  wings 
  are 
  fully 
  expanded 
  and 
  hang 
  down 
  

   like 
  dampened 
  rags 
  (Fig. 
  4, 
  d). 
  From 
  this 
  i)oint 
  on, 
  the 
  broad 
  hind 
  wings 
  

   begin 
  to 
  fold 
  up 
  like 
  fans 
  beneath 
  the 
  narrower 
  front 
  ones, 
  and 
  in 
  another 
  

   ten 
  minutes 
  they 
  have 
  assumed 
  the 
  normal 
  attitude 
  of 
  rest. 
  Meanwhile 
  

   the 
  pale 
  colors 
  which 
  always 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  insect 
  while 
  molting 
  have 
  

   been 
  gradually 
  giving 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  natural 
  tints, 
  and 
  at 
  this 
  stage 
  our 
  

   new-fledged 
  locust 
  presents 
  an 
  aspect 
  fresh 
  and 
  bright. 
  (Fig. 
  4, 
  e.) 
  If 
  

   now 
  we 
  examine 
  the 
  cast-off 
  skin, 
  we 
  shall 
  find 
  every 
  part 
  entire, 
  with 
  

   the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  rupture 
  which 
  originally 
  took 
  place 
  on 
  the 
  back, 
  

   and 
  it 
  would 
  puzzle 
  one 
  who 
  had 
  not 
  witnessed 
  the 
  operation 
  to 
  divine 
  

   how 
  the 
  now 
  stilf 
  hind 
  shanks 
  of 
  the 
  mature 
  insect 
  had 
  been 
  extricated 
  

   from 
  the 
  bent 
  skeleton 
  lefd 
  behind. 
  They 
  are 
  in 
  fact 
  drawn 
  over 
  the 
  

   bent 
  knee-joint, 
  so 
  that 
  during 
  the 
  process 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  bent 
  double 
  

   throughout 
  their 
  length. 
  They 
  were 
  as 
  supple 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  as 
  an 
  oil- 
  

   soaked 
  string, 
  and 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  after 
  extrication 
  they 
  show 
  the 
  efl'ects 
  

   of 
  this 
  severe 
  bending 
  by 
  their 
  curved 
  appearence. 
  

  

  The 
  molting, 
  from 
  the 
  burstingof 
  the 
  pupa-skin 
  to 
  the 
  full 
  adjustment 
  

  

  