﻿634 
  EEPOET 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  cess 
  of 
  extrication 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  While 
  it 
  lies 
  nearly 
  motionless 
  it 
  puffs 
  

   out 
  the 
  thin, 
  loose 
  skin 
  connecting 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  with 
  the 
  front 
  ' 
  

   edge 
  of 
  the 
  prothorax. 
  The 
  distension 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  probably 
  ruptures 
  

   the 
  skin, 
  which 
  slips 
  over 
  the 
  head, 
  the 
  body 
  meanwhile 
  curved 
  over 
  

   until 
  the 
  skin 
  is 
  drawn 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  head 
  ; 
  when 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  thrown 
  

   back 
  it 
  withdraws 
  its 
  antennae 
  and 
  legs, 
  and 
  the 
  skin 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  second 
  

   pushed 
  back 
  to 
  neaif 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  ; 
  finally 
  it 
  draws 
  its 
  hind 
  

   tarsi 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  skin, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  moment 
  or 
  two 
  more 
  the 
  young 
  locust 
  

   frees 
  itself 
  and 
  walks 
  actively 
  off, 
  sometimes, 
  however, 
  with 
  the 
  cast 
  

   skin 
  adhering 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen. 
  

  

  Before 
  the 
  molting 
  of 
  theamnion 
  the 
  body 
  and 
  legs 
  are 
  soft 
  and 
  flabby; 
  

   immediately 
  after, 
  it 
  walks 
  firmly 
  on 
  its 
  legs. 
  At 
  11 
  a. 
  m. 
  most 
  all, 
  one 
  

   or 
  more 
  hundred, 
  had 
  hatched. 
  They 
  are 
  pale-reddish, 
  however, 
  as 
  in 
  

   the 
  embryo 
  ; 
  by 
  3 
  p. 
  m. 
  they 
  had 
  begun 
  to 
  turn 
  dark, 
  and 
  by 
  9 
  of 
  the 
  

   next 
  day 
  all 
  were 
  dark 
  colored, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  description 
  : 
  

  

  ■I 
  

  

  DescriiJtion 
  of 
  the 
  larva. 
  (Plate 
  LXII, 
  Fig. 
  3). 
  — 
  The 
  following 
  description 
  is 
  taken 
  from 
  . 
  

   living 
  young 
  as 
  they 
  had 
  just 
  hatched 
  in 
  Salem, 
  Mass., 
  January 
  22, 
  1877 
  from 
  eggs 
  re- 
  

   ceived 
  from 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  Whitman, 
  of 
  Saint 
  Paul, 
  Minn. 
  The 
  larva 
  has 
  a 
  larger 
  head 
  

   and 
  smaller 
  abdomen 
  than 
  the 
  pupa 
  and 
  has 
  no 
  rudiments 
  of 
  wings. 
  They 
  were 
  \ 
  

   blackish, 
  marbled 
  with 
  flesli-color, 
  with 
  a 
  dorsal 
  white 
  line 
  behind 
  the 
  head. 
  Legs 
  | 
  

   flesh-colored, 
  spotted 
  irregularly 
  with 
  black. 
  Hind 
  thighs 
  (femora) 
  spotted 
  with 
  

   black, 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  adult; 
  toe-joints 
  (tarsi) 
  black. 
  Head 
  very 
  large 
  in 
  proportion 
  

   to 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  body; 
  abdomen 
  small, 
  tapering 
  rapidly 
  toward 
  the 
  tip. 
  Length, 
  , 
  

   0.17 
  inch. 
  In 
  another 
  specimen 
  (three 
  living 
  on^s 
  only 
  examined) 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  j 
  

   body 
  had 
  a 
  reddish 
  tint, 
  as 
  in 
  older 
  specimens 
  observed 
  living 
  in 
  Colorado. 
  i, 
  

  

  Pupa 
  (Plate 
  LXII, 
  Figs. 
  3, 
  4). 
  — 
  Ground-color, 
  a 
  deep 
  reddish 
  salmon-color 
  on 
  the 
  head, 
  

   body, 
  and 
  legs. 
  Front 
  of 
  head 
  below 
  the 
  antennae 
  black, 
  marbled 
  with 
  white 
  lines. 
  ~ 
  

   Prothorax 
  with 
  a 
  curved, 
  broad, 
  black 
  longitudinal 
  band 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  median 
  ' 
  

   line, 
  and 
  below 
  a 
  squarish 
  black 
  spot 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  block 
  baud 
  above 
  by 
  a 
  con- 
  \ 
  

   spicuous 
  white 
  stripe, 
  and 
  with 
  two 
  white 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  edge. 
  Rudimentary 
  ^ 
  

   wings 
  black, 
  with 
  fine 
  pale 
  lines 
  and 
  reddish 
  flesh-colored 
  along 
  the 
  costal 
  edge. 
  Hind 
  

   legs 
  blackish 
  on 
  the 
  outside 
  of 
  the 
  thighs 
  (femora), 
  interrupted 
  by 
  fine, 
  salmon-colored 
  ' 
  

   lines. 
  Abdomen 
  whitish 
  above 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  sides, 
  spotted 
  and 
  marbled 
  with 
  black, 
  

   forming 
  broken 
  lines 
  ; 
  ventral 
  side 
  flesh-colored, 
  not 
  spotted. 
  Hind 
  shanks 
  ■( 
  tibiae) 
  

   black 
  beneath, 
  above 
  flesh-colored, 
  with 
  the 
  spines 
  black. 
  Length, 
  0.65 
  inch. 
  De- 
  . 
  

   scribed 
  from 
  several 
  living 
  specimens 
  taken 
  at 
  Mauitou, 
  Colo., 
  July 
  16 
  ; 
  hundreds 
  of 
  \ 
  

   others 
  seen 
  in 
  diiferent 
  parts 
  of 
  Colorado 
  not 
  aijparently 
  differing 
  on 
  casual 
  examlna- 
  * 
  

   tion. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  I 
  may 
  quote 
  Mr. 
  Riley's 
  description 
  based 
  on 
  living 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  observed 
  in 
  Missouri 
  : 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  its 
  j)aler, 
  more 
  yellow 
  color, 
  bringing 
  more 
  strongly 
  j 
  

   into 
  relief 
  the 
  black 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  and 
  behind 
  the 
  eyes; 
  by 
  the 
  J 
  

   spotted 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  face, 
  especially 
  along 
  the 
  ridges 
  ; 
  by 
  the 
  isolation 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  n 
  

   subdorsal 
  mark 
  on 
  the 
  two 
  anterior 
  lobes 
  of 
  prothorax, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  large 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  | 
  

   wing-jiads, 
  which, 
  visible 
  from 
  the 
  first 
  molt, 
  and 
  increasing 
  with 
  each 
  subsequent 
  ; 
  

   molt, 
  are 
  now 
  dark, 
  with 
  a 
  distinct 
  pale 
  discal 
  spot, 
  and 
  pale 
  veins 
  and 
  borders. 
  The 
  

   hind 
  shanks 
  inclioe 
  to 
  bluish 
  rather 
  than 
  red, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  mature 
  insect. 
  , 
  

  

  Adult 
  (Plate 
  LXII, 
  Figs. 
  1, 
  4, 
  e, 
  5, 
  6). 
  — 
  After 
  repeated 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  variations 
  of 
  

   this 
  species 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  C. 
  femur-rubrum, 
  the 
  only 
  reliable 
  characters 
  I 
  

   have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  find 
  are 
  the 
  following 
  : 
  The 
  male 
  and 
  female 
  C. 
  spretus 
  (normal 
  Rocky 
  j 
  

   Mountain 
  form) 
  differs 
  from 
  C. 
  femur-rubrum 
  in 
  its 
  much 
  larger 
  size, 
  its 
  proportion- 
  

   ately 
  longer 
  and 
  larger 
  wings 
  and 
  usually 
  lighter 
  tints, 
  and 
  the 
  larger, 
  more 
  dis- 
  

   tinct 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  wings. 
  I 
  can 
  see 
  no 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  ovipositor 
  of 
  the 
  female. 
  

   The 
  most 
  constant 
  difference 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  abdomen, 
  which 
  

   is 
  narrow, 
  elevated, 
  and 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  deeply 
  notched 
  (see 
  Plate 
  I, 
  Fig. 
  6), 
  while 
  in 
  

   the 
  male 
  of 
  C. 
  femur-rubrum 
  it' 
  is 
  well-rounded, 
  full, 
  swollen, 
  and 
  the 
  edge 
  entire, 
  

   with 
  very 
  rarely 
  a 
  slight 
  tendency 
  to 
  a 
  notch. 
  The 
  lai'gest 
  male 
  from 
  Colorado 
  in 
  my 
  

   collection 
  measured 
  1.30 
  inches. 
  The 
  small 
  variety 
  Atlanis 
  I 
  regard 
  as 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  

   this 
  species, 
  and 
  not 
  femur-ntbr 
  urn, 
  because 
  it 
  has 
  the 
  well-defined 
  notch 
  in 
  the 
  narrow, 
  j 
  

   high 
  abdomiual 
  tip. 
  My 
  Iowa 
  specimens 
  are 
  darker 
  than 
  those 
  from 
  Colorado, 
  Mis- 
  

   souri, 
  aud 
  Kansas, 
  but 
  a 
  fine 
  male 
  from 
  Arapahoe 
  Peak, 
  Colorado, 
  is 
  full 
  as 
  dark 
  as 
  

   those 
  from 
  Iowa. 
  

  

  