﻿PACKARD.] 
  THE 
  LOCQST 
  EAST 
  OF 
  THE 
  PLAINS. 
  637 
  

  

  great 
  difference 
  of 
  opinion 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  this 
  form. 
  Mr. 
  Eiley 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  

   to 
  describe 
  it 
  fully, 
  and 
  I 
  quote 
  his 
  description 
  : 
  

  

  Calopfenus 
  atJmiis, 
  n. 
  sp. 
  — 
  Leuyth 
  to 
  tip 
  of 
  abclomec, 
  0.70-0.85 
  inch; 
  to 
  tip 
  of 
  closed 
  

   AYings, 
  0.92-1.05 
  inches. 
  At 
  ouce 
  distinguished 
  from 
  fenutr-ruhrum 
  by 
  the 
  notched 
  char- 
  

   acter 
  of 
  the 
  anal-abdomiual 
  joint 
  in 
  the 
  male, 
  an-d 
  by 
  the 
  shorter, 
  less 
  tapering 
  cerci; 
  

   also 
  by 
  the 
  greater 
  relative 
  length 
  of 
  wings, 
  which 
  extend, 
  on 
  an 
  average, 
  nearly 
  one- 
  

   third 
  their 
  length 
  beyond 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  in 
  the 
  dried 
  specimens 
  ; 
  also 
  by 
  the 
  

   larger 
  and 
  more 
  distinct 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  wings 
  — 
  in 
  all 
  which 
  characters 
  it 
  much 
  more 
  

   closely 
  resembles 
  sprelus 
  than 
  femur-ruhntm. 
  From 
  spretus, 
  again, 
  it 
  is 
  at 
  once 
  distin- 
  

   guished 
  by 
  the 
  smaller 
  size, 
  the 
  more 
  distinct 
  separation 
  of 
  the 
  dark 
  mark 
  running 
  

   from 
  the 
  eyes 
  on 
  the 
  prothorax 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  pale 
  line 
  from 
  base 
  of 
  wings 
  to 
  hind 
  thigh; 
  

   also 
  by 
  the 
  anal 
  joint 
  in 
  the 
  <? 
  tapering 
  more 
  suddenly; 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  two 
  lobes 
  forming 
  

   the 
  notch 
  being 
  less 
  marked. 
  From 
  both 
  species 
  it 
  is 
  distinguished 
  not 
  only 
  by 
  its 
  

   smaller 
  size, 
  but 
  by 
  the 
  deeper, 
  more 
  livid 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  dark 
  parts, 
  and 
  the 
  paler 
  yellow 
  

   of 
  the 
  light 
  parts 
  — 
  the 
  colors 
  thus 
  more 
  strongly 
  contrasting. 
  

  

  6 
  ^'s, 
  7 
  9 
  's 
  from 
  New 
  Hampshire. 
  Just 
  as 
  the 
  typical 
  /e?>i,MJ--r«&r!fm 
  is 
  at 
  once 
  distin- 
  

   guished 
  from 
  the 
  typical 
  sjn-eiushj 
  the 
  characters 
  indicated, 
  so 
  atlanis, 
  though 
  structur- 
  

   ally 
  nearer 
  to 
  spretus, 
  is 
  distinguished 
  from 
  it 
  at 
  a 
  glance 
  by 
  its 
  much 
  smaller 
  size 
  and 
  

   darker, 
  more 
  marbled 
  coloring. 
  The 
  contrast 
  is 
  all 
  the 
  greater 
  in 
  the 
  living 
  specimens, 
  

   and 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  no 
  specimens 
  of 
  spretus 
  that 
  at 
  all 
  approach 
  it 
  in 
  these 
  respects. 
  

  

  Whether 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  femur-rut)rmn, 
  as 
  deiined 
  by 
  De 
  Geer 
  or 
  by 
  Harris, 
  it 
  is 
  almost 
  

   impossible 
  to 
  decide, 
  though 
  Harris's 
  figure 
  of 
  femur-rubrum 
  Letter 
  represents 
  it 
  than 
  

   the 
  true 
  femur-rulrum 
  as 
  subsequently 
  defined 
  by 
  Thomas, 
  and 
  as 
  found 
  in 
  Illinois 
  and 
  

   Missouri. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  collected 
  this 
  grasshopper 
  in 
  Central 
  Maine, 
  and 
  at 
  Amherst, 
  

   Mass., 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon, 
  and 
  could 
  be 
  easily 
  confounded 
  with 
  

   the 
  eastern 
  red-legged 
  locust, 
  (C. 
  femur-rebrum). 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  common 
  in 
  

   Essex 
  County, 
  Massachusetts, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  since 
  1864, 
  as 
  seen 
  by 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  in 
  the 
  museum 
  of 
  the 
  Peabody 
  Academy 
  of 
  (Science 
  at 
  Salem. 
  

   Mr. 
  S. 
  H. 
  Scudder 
  has 
  also 
  specimens 
  from 
  New 
  Hampshire, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  

   not 
  improbable 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  widely-distributed 
  form, 
  with 
  a 
  range 
  ap- 
  

   proximating 
  to 
  that 
  given 
  on 
  the 
  map. 
  I 
  am 
  inclined 
  to 
  regard 
  it 
  as 
  by 
  

   no 
  means 
  a 
  distinct 
  species, 
  but 
  as 
  an 
  eastern 
  variety 
  of 
  G. 
  spretus^ 
  re- 
  

   placing 
  that 
  species 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  Valley. 
  

   In 
  this 
  region 
  it 
  will 
  probably 
  never 
  become 
  injurious. 
  Mr. 
  Thomas 
  

   regards 
  it 
  as 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  G. 
  femur-ruhrum 
  rather 
  than 
  G. 
  spretus. 
  In 
  

   speaking 
  of 
  Galoptenus 
  femitr-ruhrum, 
  he 
  remarks 
  as 
  follows 
  :* 
  "A 
  few 
  ' 
  

   specimens 
  taken 
  in 
  Iowa. 
  These 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  typical 
  form, 
  but 
  they 
  

   and 
  all 
  others 
  obtained 
  within 
  the 
  last 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  years 
  appear 
  to 
  me 
  

   to 
  be 
  slenderer 
  and 
  more 
  like 
  Riley's 
  atlanis 
  than 
  in 
  former 
  years. 
  That 
  

   this 
  species 
  has 
  been 
  undergoing 
  some 
  modification 
  in 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  

   Valley 
  within 
  the 
  last 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  years 
  I 
  think 
  must 
  be 
  admitted. 
  Al- 
  

   though 
  Riley's 
  atlanis 
  is 
  certainly 
  but 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  femur-ruhrum^ 
  yet 
  it 
  ' 
  

   can 
  be 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  latter 
  at 
  a 
  glance, 
  and 
  when 
  the 
  specimens 
  

   are 
  fresh 
  without 
  opening 
  the 
  wings 
  or 
  examining 
  the 
  posterior 
  ab- 
  

   dominal 
  segments." 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  be 
  borne 
  in 
  mind 
  that 
  the 
  western 
  spretus 
  differs 
  from 
  the 
  

   femur-ruhrum 
  in 
  the 
  much 
  longer 
  wings 
  and 
  its 
  larger 
  size. 
  The 
  legs 
  

   are 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  both, 
  while 
  spretus 
  is 
  i)aler, 
  with 
  shades 
  of 
  dull 
  yellow 
  

   and 
  red. 
  The 
  legs 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  length 
  in 
  both, 
  and 
  the 
  spines 
  (ovi- 
  

   positor) 
  in 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  are 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  species. 
  These 
  

   dift'erences 
  I 
  find 
  constant 
  after 
  careful 
  examination 
  of 
  twelve 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  of 
  each 
  species, 
  and 
  of 
  many 
  others 
  more 
  superficially 
  studied. 
  

   The 
  male 
  of 
  spretus 
  differs 
  decidedly 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  femur-ruhrum 
  in 
  the 
  

   characters 
  already 
  pointed 
  out, 
  namel}', 
  in 
  the 
  narrow, 
  prominent, 
  deeply- 
  

   notched 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  short 
  fork 
  in 
  the 
  complete 
  

   tergal 
  piece 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  

   the 
  male 
  of 
  femur-ruhrum 
  is 
  rounded, 
  full, 
  and 
  entire, 
  and 
  not 
  thickened, 
  

   yet 
  1 
  have 
  observed 
  in 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  femur- 
  

  

  * 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  the 
  Davenport 
  Academy 
  of 
  Natural 
  Sciences, 
  1876, 
  p. 
  260. 
  

  

  