﻿PAOKARPi 
  THE 
  LOCUST 
  ON 
  THE 
  PACIFC 
  COAST? 
  63^ 
  

  

  of 
  this 
  species: 
  " 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  learn, 
  it 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  

   California; 
  but 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  immediately 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada, 
  it 
  

   is 
  quite 
  probable 
  that 
  it 
  reaches 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific, 
  though 
  it 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  

   migratory 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  range." 
  Previous 
  to 
  this, 
  in 
  his 
  Acri- 
  

   didre 
  of 
  North 
  America, 
  (Hay 
  den's 
  Survey, 
  1873, 
  p. 
  165), 
  he 
  remarked, 
  

   "I 
  have 
  traced 
  this 
  species 
  from 
  Texas 
  northward 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  shore 
  of 
  

   Lake 
  Winnipeg, 
  in 
  British 
  America, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  Eiver 
  

   westward 
  to 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada 
  range. 
  It 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  

   in 
  California, 
  and 
  but 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  southward 
  in 
  Arizona. 
  I 
  am 
  

   half-way 
  inclined 
  to. 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  future 
  investigations 
  will 
  show 
  

   that 
  this 
  is 
  really 
  the 
  destructive 
  species 
  in 
  California, 
  and 
  not 
  CEdipoda 
  

   atrox, 
  for 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  impossible 
  for 
  the 
  latter 
  to 
  sustain 
  itself 
  during 
  

   a 
  lengthened 
  flight 
  with 
  its 
  short 
  wings." 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Scudder 
  thus 
  writes 
  me 
  regarding 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  C. 
  spretns 
  in 
  

   California 
  : 
  " 
  On 
  looking 
  over 
  my 
  cabinet 
  I 
  find 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  speci- 
  

   mens, 
  probably 
  received 
  from 
  Mr. 
  Edwards, 
  with 
  printed 
  label 
  ' 
  Califor- 
  

   nia 
  and 
  Nevada,' 
  which 
  I 
  should 
  be 
  very 
  unwilling 
  to 
  separate 
  from 
  

   spretusJ^ 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  autumn 
  of 
  1875 
  I 
  received 
  from 
  Mr. 
  Edwards 
  two 
  specimens 
  

   labeled 
  0. 
  spretus, 
  from 
  California; 
  one 
  was 
  a 
  male, 
  the 
  other 
  a 
  female! 
  

   The 
  male 
  I 
  compared 
  with 
  a 
  living 
  male 
  spretus, 
  var. 
  atlanis, 
  caught 
  at 
  

   Amherst, 
  and 
  found 
  no 
  dififerences 
  in 
  size 
  or 
  length 
  of 
  wing, 
  except 
  that 
  

   the 
  wings 
  were 
  more 
  clearly 
  spotted 
  and 
  the 
  body 
  lighter 
  colored. 
  I 
  

   then 
  considered 
  it 
  as 
  C. 
  spretus, 
  and 
  published 
  a 
  note 
  to 
  that 
  effect 
  in 
  the 
  

   American 
  Naturalist 
  for 
  October, 
  1875, 
  vol. 
  ix, 
  p. 
  573. 
  

  

  On 
  sending 
  the 
  two 
  specimens 
  to 
  Mr. 
  Scudder 
  for 
  identification, 
  he 
  

   writes 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  female 
  " 
  is 
  apparently 
  femur-rubrum 
  and 
  the 
  othei 
  

   probably 
  UUturalis 
  Walker, 
  though 
  it 
  is 
  pretty 
  hard 
  to 
  be 
  sure 
  of 
  Walk- 
  

   er's 
  species. 
  I 
  have 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  from 
  Vancouver's 
  Island 
  (Crotch).". 
  

  

  On 
  a 
  fresh 
  comparison 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Edwards's 
  male, 
  which 
  he 
  and 
  I 
  refer 
  to 
  

   spretus, 
  I 
  found 
  it 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  size 
  and 
  length 
  of 
  wing 
  as 
  Mas- 
  

   sachusetts 
  atlanis, 
  but 
  on 
  comparing 
  it 
  with 
  C. 
  spretus 
  from 
  Northern 
  

   Missouri, 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  me 
  to 
  differ, 
  except 
  in 
  being 
  considerably 
  

   smaller 
  and 
  in 
  having 
  shorter 
  wings 
  ; 
  in 
  coloration 
  and 
  style 
  of 
  mark- 
  

   ings, 
  particularly 
  the 
  general 
  pale-reddish 
  and 
  dull-yellowish 
  tints, 
  and 
  

   especially 
  the 
  distinct 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  wings, 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  true 
  spretus. 
  Some 
  

   observers 
  may 
  call 
  it 
  variety 
  atlanis. 
  I 
  should 
  prefer 
  to 
  regard 
  it 
  as 
  a 
  

   small 
  subvariety 
  of 
  spretus, 
  and 
  regard 
  atlanis 
  as 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  East- 
  

   ern 
  States. 
  However, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  our 
  present 
  knowledge 
  goes, 
  I 
  should 
  

   conclude 
  that 
  spretiis 
  occurs 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  east, 
  

   but 
  have 
  not 
  extended 
  its 
  range 
  on 
  the 
  map 
  beyond 
  Utah 
  and 
  Idaho, 
  

   except 
  conjecturally. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  hoped 
  that 
  collectors 
  in 
  California 
  will 
  

   settle 
  all 
  doubts 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  Pacific 
  States, 
  

   and 
  collect 
  it 
  in 
  such 
  numbers 
  that 
  satisfactory 
  comparisons 
  may 
  be 
  in- 
  

   stituted 
  between 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  form 
  and 
  the 
  genuine 
  spretus 
  and 
  the 
  

   form 
  atlanis. 
  Meanwhile, 
  Mr. 
  Henry 
  Edwards, 
  so 
  well 
  known 
  for 
  his 
  

   extensive 
  entomological 
  researches 
  in 
  Oregon, 
  California, 
  and 
  Nevada, 
  

   sends 
  me 
  the 
  following 
  notes 
  under 
  date 
  of 
  September 
  10, 
  3876: 
  " 
  Now 
  

   as 
  to 
  Caloptenus 
  spretus, 
  I 
  first 
  found 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  

   about 
  20 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  San 
  Francisco, 
  in 
  Marion 
  County, 
  in 
  May, 
  1875. 
  

   Previous 
  to 
  that 
  time, 
  though 
  known 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  a 
  few 
  scattered 
  individ- 
  

   uals, 
  it 
  had 
  never 
  appeared 
  in 
  great 
  abundance, 
  but 
  at 
  the 
  above 
  date 
  it 
  

   was 
  in 
  immense 
  quantities 
  in 
  the 
  locality 
  indicated, 
  though 
  it 
  appeared 
  

   to 
  prefer 
  the 
  dried-up 
  grass 
  to 
  the 
  green 
  and 
  growing 
  corn 
  and 
  other 
  

   cereals 
  which 
  were 
  close 
  at 
  hand. 
  I 
  have 
  heard 
  of 
  no 
  serious 
  complaints 
  

   whatever 
  of 
  the 
  destructive 
  qualities 
  of 
  this 
  insect, 
  and 
  am 
  inclined 
  to 
  

  

  