﻿640 
  REPOET 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  think 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  yet 
  much 
  to 
  be 
  dreaded 
  iu 
  California. 
  We 
  have 
  no 
  

   other 
  species 
  that 
  I 
  am 
  aware 
  of 
  iu 
  large 
  numbers. 
  Spretus 
  has 
  been 
  

   taken 
  by 
  me 
  near 
  Portland 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  Dalles, 
  Oregon, 
  and 
  still 
  more 
  

   abundantly 
  at 
  Victoria, 
  Vaucoaver's 
  Island, 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  never 
  seen 
  it 
  in 
  

   the 
  Sierras; 
  my 
  idea 
  being 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  always 
  (here 
  at 
  least) 
  confined 
  to 
  

   tlie 
  valleys 
  and 
  plains. 
  In 
  proof 
  of 
  this, 
  the 
  locality 
  in 
  Marin 
  County 
  

  

  to 
  which 
  1 
  have 
  alluded 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  Mount 
  , 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  itself 
  the 
  grasshoppers 
  were 
  not 
  found 
  at 
  all. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  

   think 
  it 
  goes 
  far 
  south 
  of 
  San 
  Francisco. 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  from 
  

   Santa 
  Barbara, 
  but 
  none 
  from 
  below 
  that 
  point. 
  Perhaps 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  re- 
  

   placed 
  by 
  another 
  species. 
  We 
  have 
  no 
  literature 
  that 
  I 
  know 
  of 
  on 
  

   the 
  subject, 
  save 
  a 
  few 
  newspaper 
  notices, 
  which 
  I 
  will 
  try 
  to 
  find 
  and 
  

   send 
  to 
  you. 
  At 
  present, 
  we 
  are 
  strangely 
  exempt 
  from 
  all 
  destructive 
  

   insects." 
  

  

  California 
  in 
  former 
  years 
  has 
  had 
  its 
  locust 
  invasions, 
  although 
  we 
  

   are 
  entirely 
  uncertain 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  forming 
  the 
  swarms. 
  In 
  differ- 
  

   ent 
  parts 
  of 
  California 
  they 
  have 
  appeared 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  years, 
  ac- 
  

   cording 
  to 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  S. 
  Taylor 
  (Smithsonian 
  Report 
  for 
  1858): 
  1722, 
  1746- 
  

   1749, 
  1753 
  and 
  1754, 
  1765-1767. 
  In 
  the 
  present 
  century 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  

   abundaat 
  and 
  destructive 
  about 
  1827 
  or 
  1828, 
  about 
  1834 
  or 
  1835, 
  and 
  

   in 
  1838, 
  1846, 
  and 
  especially 
  in 
  1855. 
  

  

  THE 
  GEOGRAPHICAL 
  DISTRIBUTION 
  OF 
  THE 
  ROCKY 
  MOUNTAIN 
  LOCUST. 
  

  

  A 
  glance 
  at 
  the 
  accompanying 
  map, 
  showing 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  

   Rocky 
  Mountain 
  locust 
  {Caloptenus 
  spretus), 
  will 
  show 
  the 
  probable 
  limits 
  

   within 
  which 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  found. 
  At 
  least 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  probability 
  that 
  

   the 
  locust 
  will 
  ever 
  afflict 
  farmers 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  limits 
  assigned. 
  

  

  The 
  eastern 
  limits 
  have 
  been 
  defined 
  by 
  Professor 
  Riley 
  for 
  Texas, 
  Indian 
  

   Territory, 
  Missouri, 
  Kansas, 
  jS"ebraska, 
  and 
  Minnesota, 
  while 
  the 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  and 
  northeastern 
  limits 
  have 
  been 
  indicated 
  by 
  Prof. 
  G. 
  M. 
  Dawson. 
  

   The 
  southestern 
  limits 
  are 
  somewhat 
  conjectural, 
  but 
  have 
  been 
  indi- 
  

   cated 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  Maj. 
  J. 
  W. 
  Powell. 
  The 
  western 
  limits 
  in 
  Nevada 
  

   and 
  Idaho 
  have 
  been 
  pointed 
  out 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Cyrus 
  Thomas. 
  

  

  The 
  range 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  variety 
  {atlanis 
  f) 
  in 
  California 
  and 
  British 
  

   America 
  (Vancouver 
  Island) 
  has 
  been 
  indicated 
  by 
  Messrs. 
  H. 
  Edwards, 
  

   S. 
  H. 
  Scudder, 
  and 
  myself; 
  while 
  the 
  eastern 
  range 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   variety 
  atlanis 
  has 
  been 
  indicated 
  by 
  Messrs. 
  Riley, 
  Thomas, 
  Scudder, 
  

   and 
  myself. 
  

  

  The 
  locust 
  area 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  two 
  regions, 
  one 
  the 
  permanent 
  

   breeding-places, 
  on 
  the 
  elevated 
  plains 
  among 
  the 
  Rocky 
  Mountains 
  

   and 
  the 
  great 
  plateau 
  lying 
  east 
  and 
  extending 
  approximately 
  to 
  longi- 
  

   tude 
  102°. 
  Beyond 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  plains 
  are 
  found 
  the 
  tem- 
  

   porary 
  breeding-places 
  of 
  the 
  locust, 
  which 
  comprise 
  the 
  prairie-lauds 
  

   of 
  the 
  border 
  States 
  as 
  far 
  east 
  as 
  longitude 
  93° 
  or 
  94°. 
  The 
  arrows 
  

   with 
  simple 
  shafts 
  indicate 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  migratione 
  from 
  the 
  origi- 
  

   nal, 
  usually 
  permanent, 
  breeding-places, 
  and 
  the 
  arrows 
  with 
  a 
  feathered 
  

   shaft 
  the 
  return 
  migrations 
  from 
  the 
  temporary 
  breeding-places 
  periodi- 
  

   cally 
  visited. 
  

  

  THE 
  MIGRATIONS 
  OF 
  THE 
  ROCKY 
  MOUNTAIN 
  LOCUST 
  OF 
  THE 
  WEST. 
  

  

  In 
  dealing 
  with 
  this 
  fearfully-destructive 
  insect, 
  which 
  has 
  attracted 
  

   so 
  much 
  notice 
  from 
  the 
  public, 
  and 
  iu 
  seeking 
  for 
  remedies 
  against 
  its 
  

   devastations, 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  prime 
  imjDortance 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  thorough 
  knowledge 
  of 
  

   its 
  breeding-places, 
  the 
  frequency 
  and 
  extent 
  of 
  its 
  migrations, 
  and 
  to 
  

   seek 
  for 
  the 
  connection 
  between 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  winds 
  and 
  other 
  

   meteorological 
  phenomena 
  and 
  the 
  flights 
  of 
  the 
  locust. 
  

  

  