﻿PACKARD 
  J 
  

  

  THE 
  MIGRATIONS 
  OF 
  THE 
  LOCUST. 
  

  

  641 
  

  

  The 
  locust 
  is 
  quite 
  or 
  nearly 
  as 
  destructive 
  in 
  Africa, 
  Asia, 
  and 
  

   Soutberu 
  Europe*asin 
  this 
  country, 
  but 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  their 
  migrations 
  

   and 
  their 
  conuection 
  with 
  meteorological 
  phenomena 
  have 
  never 
  been 
  

   studied 
  in 
  those 
  regions, 
  and 
  it 
  remains 
  for 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  with 
  its 
  

   Weather 
  Signal 
  Bureau, 
  to 
  institute, 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  scientific 
  

   surveys 
  of 
  the 
  West, 
  investigations 
  regarding 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  evil 
  and 
  

   the 
  best 
  means 
  to 
  overcome 
  it. 
  

  

  In 
  endeavoring 
  to 
  trace 
  the 
  connection 
  between 
  the 
  migrations 
  of 
  the 
  

   locust 
  and 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  winds 
  at 
  different 
  months, 
  the 
  writer 
  has 
  

   been 
  led 
  into 
  some 
  theoretical 
  considerations 
  which 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  supported 
  

   by 
  the 
  facts 
  presented 
  in 
  the 
  unpublished 
  report, 
  and 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  

   confirmed 
  or 
  disproved 
  by 
  future 
  investigations. 
  

  

  History 
  of 
  the 
  migrations 
  of 
  the 
  locust. 
  — 
  The 
  following 
  table, 
  compiled 
  

   from 
  the 
  reports 
  of 
  A. 
  S. 
  Taylor, 
  the 
  late 
  Mr. 
  B. 
  D. 
  Walsh, 
  Prof. 
  (J. 
  V. 
  

   Eiley, 
  Prof. 
  0. 
  Thomas, 
  Mr. 
  G. 
  M. 
  Dawson, 
  and 
  the 
  observations 
  of 
  Mr. 
  

   W. 
  N. 
  Byers, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  reports 
  in 
  the 
  Monthly 
  Weather 
  Eeview, 
  

   will 
  show 
  the 
  years 
  when 
  the 
  locust 
  was 
  excessively 
  abundant 
  and 
  de- 
  

   structive 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  Territories 
  and 
  States, 
  and 
  also 
  serve 
  to 
  

   roughly 
  indicate 
  the 
  frequency 
  and 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  migrations 
  of 
  the 
  de- 
  

   structive 
  locust 
  of 
  the 
  West. 
  The 
  dates 
  which 
  are 
  starred 
  are 
  years 
  

   when 
  the 
  progeny 
  of 
  the 
  locusts 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  year 
  abounded, 
  and 
  

   when 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  there 
  were 
  no 
  fresh 
  incursions 
  from 
  the 
  westward. 
  

   The 
  species 
  referred 
  to 
  under 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  California, 
  Washington, 
  and 
  

   Oregon 
  may 
  be 
  some 
  other 
  than 
  Caloptenus 
  spretus. 
  

  

  o 
  

   "3 
  

  

  M 
  

  

  IS 
  s 
  

  

  si 
  

  

  Montana 
  and 
  

   Dakota. 
  

  

  Wyoming 
  and 
  

   Idaho. 
  

  

  

  d 
  

  

  1 
  

   o 
  

  

  O 
  

  

  t. 
  K 
  d 
  

  

  -sis 
  

  

  a 
  . 
  

  

  .2 
  a 
  

   a 
  

  

  M 
  

  

  .2 
  

   "3 
  

  

  .o 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  si 
  

  

  s 
  -• 
  

   ■23 
  

  

  .5 
  2 
  

   -=0 
  

  

  1818 
  

  

  1818 
  

   1819 
  

   1820 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  18J7 
  or 
  1828 
  

  

  1834 
  or 
  1835 
  

  

  1838 
  

  

  

  1819 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1820 
  or 
  1821 
  

  

  "1845" 
  

  

  'l849' 
  

   1855 
  

   1656* 
  

  

  

  

  

  1845 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1846? 
  

   1855 
  

  

  1846 
  

  

  

  

  

  1855 
  ?' 
  

  

  1852 
  

   1855? 
  

  

  1852 
  

  

  18.">5 
  

  

  18:-6* 
  

  

  1857 
  

  

  ' 
  'l855 
  ? 
  

  

  "1864 
  " 
  

  

  1865* 
  

  

  1852 
  

  

  

  1855 
  

   1S56* 
  

  

  1855 
  

  

  

  1850 
  

  

  1857* 
  

  

  18U4 
  

  

  180;:* 
  

  

  

  1657 
  

  

  "1804" 
  ' 
  

  

  

  

  

  18C4 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1800 
  

  

  1867 
  

  

  1868* 
  

  

  1869 
  

  

  1870 
  

  

  lri7l 
  

  

  1872 
  

  

  1866 
  

   1867 
  

   1868* 
  

   1869* 
  

  

  1806 
  

   1807 
  

  

  

  

  1807 
  

  

  1867 
  

  

  

  

  1867 
  

   1808 
  

  

  

  

  1868* 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  18G9 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1872 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1871 
  

  

  slight. 
  

  

  1873 
  

  

  lr.74 
  

  

  1875 
  

   1876 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  "l873"' 
  

   1874 
  

   lf<75 
  

   1876 
  

  

  "i873"' 
  

  

  1874 
  

  

  1875* 
  

  

  1876 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1873 
  

   1874 
  

   1875* 
  

   1876 
  

  

  

  

  1873 
  

   Sonthern 
  

   California. 
  

  

  

  1874 
  

  

  

  1874 
  

   1875 
  

   1876 
  

  

  1874 
  

   1875 
  

   1876 
  

  

  

  1875 
  

  

  

  

  

  1876 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  This 
  table 
  and 
  the 
  data 
  on 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  based 
  are 
  necessarily 
  very 
  im- 
  

   perfect, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  vast 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  territory 
  over 
  which 
  the 
  locust 
  

   swarmed, 
  and 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  is 
  uninhabited, 
  while 
  the 
  

   inhabited 
  portions 
  have 
  been 
  settled 
  only 
  within 
  comparatively 
  few 
  

   years. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen, 
  however, 
  that 
  since 
  1873 
  the 
  evil 
  has 
  been 
  greater 
  

   and 
  more 
  wide-spread 
  than 
  ever 
  before. 
  

  

  The 
  theory 
  of 
  the 
  migrations. 
  — 
  (1) 
  The 
  immediate 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  migra- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  the 
  locust 
  from 
  its 
  original 
  breeding 
  places 
  is 
  the 
  unusual 
  abundance 
  

   of 
  the 
  species 
  during 
  certain 
  years. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  that 
  

   41 
  G 
  s 
  

  

  