﻿PACKAUD.I 
  LOCUSTS 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  AND 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICA. 
  647 
  

  

  would 
  make 
  the 
  losses 
  in 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  West 
  at 
  least 
  twice 
  as 
  

   much 
  more, 
  or 
  $45,000,000 
  iu 
  all. 
  The 
  estimated 
  money-loss 
  occa- 
  

   sioned 
  by 
  the 
  chinch-bug 
  in 
  Illinois 
  iu 
  1864 
  was 
  over 
  $73,000,000; 
  

   in 
  Missouri, 
  in 
  1874, 
  it 
  is 
  estimated 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Riley 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   $19,001),000. 
  The 
  annual 
  losses 
  from 
  the 
  chinch-bug 
  are 
  greater, 
  Mr. 
  

   Riley 
  says, 
  than 
  from 
  any 
  other 
  insect. 
  The 
  average 
  annual 
  loss 
  to 
  the 
  

   cotton 
  crop 
  from 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  cotton 
  army-worm 
  alone 
  is 
  estimated 
  

   at 
  $50,000,000. 
  Adding 
  to 
  these 
  the 
  losses 
  sustained 
  by 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  

   about 
  a 
  tliousand 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  insects 
  which 
  affect 
  our 
  cereals, 
  forage 
  

   and 
  field-crops, 
  fruit-trees 
  and 
  shrubs, 
  garden 
  vegetables, 
  shade 
  and 
  

   ornamental 
  trees, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  our 
  hard 
  and 
  pine 
  forests 
  and 
  stored 
  fruits, 
  

   and 
  it. 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  thought 
  an 
  exaggeration 
  to 
  put: 
  our 
  annual 
  losses 
  at 
  

   $-!00,(K)0,000. 
  If 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  this 
  country 
  would 
  only 
  look 
  at 
  this 
  

   annual 
  depletion, 
  this 
  absolute 
  waste, 
  which 
  drags 
  her 
  backward 
  iu 
  the 
  

   race 
  with 
  the 
  countries 
  of 
  Lhe 
  Old 
  World, 
  tliey 
  might 
  see 
  the 
  necessity 
  

   of 
  taking 
  effective 
  preventive 
  measures 
  in 
  restraining 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  

   insects. 
  With 
  care 
  and 
  forethought, 
  based 
  on 
  the 
  observance 
  of 
  fActs 
  

   by 
  scientific 
  men, 
  we 
  believe 
  that 
  from 
  $50,000,000 
  to 
  $100,000,000, 
  or 
  

   from 
  one-quarter 
  to 
  one-half 
  of 
  this 
  annual 
  waste, 
  could 
  be 
  saved 
  to 
  the 
  

   country. 
  And 
  the 
  practical, 
  most 
  etiicient 
  way 
  is 
  for 
  the 
  States 
  to 
  co- 
  

   operate 
  with 
  the 
  General 
  Government 
  in 
  the 
  appointment 
  of 
  salaried 
  

   entomologists, 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  United 
  States 
  commission 
  of 
  entomologists, 
  who 
  

   shouhl 
  combine 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  officials, 
  and 
  issue 
  weekly, 
  or, 
  if 
  

   necessary, 
  daily 
  bulletins, 
  perhaps 
  in 
  combination 
  with 
  the 
  Weather- 
  

   Signal 
  Bureau, 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  conditions 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  world, 
  forewarning 
  

   farmers 
  and 
  gardeners 
  from 
  week 
  to 
  week 
  as 
  to 
  what 
  enemies 
  should 
  

   be 
  guarded 
  against 
  and 
  what 
  preventive 
  and 
  remedial 
  measures 
  should 
  

   be 
  used. 
  

  

  The 
  Weather 
  Signal 
  Bureau, 
  first 
  suggested 
  and 
  urg^d 
  by 
  the 
  late 
  I. 
  

   A. 
  Lapham, 
  was 
  not 
  instituted 
  without 
  ridicule 
  and 
  opposition, 
  but 
  it 
  

   has 
  saved 
  millions 
  to 
  our 
  commerce 
  and 
  agriculture. 
  The 
  maintenance 
  

   of 
  an 
  entomological 
  commission 
  and 
  the 
  appointment 
  of 
  State 
  entomol- 
  

   ogists 
  would 
  involve 
  comparatively 
  little 
  expense. 
  Already, 
  owing 
  to 
  

   the 
  full 
  information 
  regarding 
  the 
  invasion 
  of 
  Missouri 
  by 
  the 
  locust 
  iu 
  

   1874, 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  reports 
  of 
  Prof. 
  C. 
  V. 
  Riley, 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  that 
  

   State 
  will 
  be 
  well 
  prepared, 
  from 
  the 
  direful 
  experience 
  of 
  the 
  past, 
  to 
  

   deal 
  more 
  intelligently 
  and 
  efficiently 
  with 
  the 
  locust 
  in 
  the 
  future. 
  

  

  THE 
  MIGRATORY 
  LOCUSTS 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  AND 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICA. 
  

  

  We 
  have 
  already 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  swarms 
  of 
  locusts 
  of 
  unknown 
  

   species 
  have 
  occurred 
  at 
  different 
  dates 
  in 
  Guatemala 
  and 
  other 
  parts 
  

   of 
  Central 
  America. 
  The 
  following 
  notices 
  are 
  taken 
  from 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  

   A. 
  S. 
  Taylor, 
  of 
  Monterey, 
  Cal., 
  published 
  in 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  Report 
  

   for 
  1858: 
  "Throughout 
  California, 
  with 
  its 
  ani-e-1849 
  boundaries, 
  

   throughout 
  Lower 
  California, 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  dry 
  and 
  the 
  

   elevated 
  mesas 
  or 
  plateaus 
  of 
  the 
  republic 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  their 
  ravages 
  have 
  

   been 
  noted 
  by 
  the 
  old 
  Spanish 
  chroniclers 
  from 
  the 
  first 
  conquest 
  and 
  

   settlement 
  of 
  the 
  countries." 
  In 
  1032 
  the 
  parishes 
  of 
  Mexico 
  and 
  Pinola, 
  

   and 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  uplands 
  of 
  Guatemala, 
  were 
  overrun 
  with 
  locusts. 
  

   Clavigero 
  witnessed 
  locust 
  invasions 
  in 
  1738 
  or 
  1739 
  upon 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  

   Xicayan, 
  in 
  Oaxaca. 
  Afterward 
  a 
  famine 
  occurred 
  in 
  Yucatan. 
  

  

  Regarding 
  the 
  injuries 
  of 
  a 
  Guatemalan 
  locust, 
  we 
  quote 
  the 
  following 
  

   account 
  from 
  Squier's 
  Honduras; 
  descriptive, 
  historical, 
  and 
  statistical, 
  

   1870: 
  

  

  The 
  insect, 
  however, 
  which 
  is 
  most 
  dreaded 
  in 
  Honduras, 
  as 
  indeed 
  in 
  all 
  Central 
  

   America, 
  is 
  the 
  langosta 
  or 
  chajjiiUn, 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  grasshopper 
  or 
  locust, 
  which 
  at 
  iuter- 
  

  

  