﻿PACKARD.] 
  THE 
  GRAIN-TINEA 
  THE 
  GRAIN- 
  WEEVIL. 
  715 
  

  

  thirty-sixth 
  and 
  fortieth 
  degrees 
  of 
  north 
  latitude," 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  

   even 
  in 
  New 
  England. 
  " 
  Wheat, 
  barley, 
  oats, 
  and 
  Indian 
  corn 
  suffer 
  

   alike 
  from 
  it, 
  the 
  last 
  especially 
  when 
  kept 
  unprotected 
  more 
  than 
  six 
  

   or 
  eight 
  months." 
  — 
  (Harris.) 
  

  

  The 
  moth 
  lays 
  mostly 
  in 
  June 
  and 
  August, 
  but 
  probably 
  at 
  other 
  

   times 
  during 
  the 
  year, 
  from 
  sixty 
  to 
  ninety 
  eggs 
  in 
  clusters 
  of 
  about 
  

   twenty 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  grain 
  of 
  wheat 
  or 
  corn. 
  In 
  from 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  days 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  disperse, 
  each 
  selecting 
  a 
  single 
  grain, 
  burrowing 
  in 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  

   whence 
  the 
  plumule 
  grows 
  out. 
  The 
  caterpillar, 
  after 
  eating 
  out 
  the 
  

   inside 
  of 
  the 
  grain 
  of 
  wheat 
  or 
  corn 
  and 
  exhausting 
  its 
  sui)ply 
  of 
  food, 
  

   sometimes 
  eats 
  its 
  excrement 
  once 
  or 
  even 
  a 
  second 
  time. 
  It 
  transforms 
  

   within 
  the 
  grain, 
  spinning 
  a 
  silken 
  web, 
  and 
  before 
  pupating 
  {i. 
  e., 
  trans- 
  

   forming 
  to 
  a 
  pupa) 
  gnaws 
  a 
  hole 
  nearly 
  through 
  the 
  shell 
  for 
  the 
  exit 
  of 
  

   the 
  moth. 
  The 
  larvte 
  of 
  the 
  first, 
  or 
  summer, 
  brood 
  mature 
  in 
  about 
  

   three 
  weeks, 
  the 
  moths 
  appearing 
  at 
  harvest 
  time. 
  Those 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  

   brood 
  hybernate 
  in 
  the 
  grain, 
  changing 
  into 
  moths 
  the 
  following 
  summer. 
  

  

  Description. 
  — 
  The 
  caterpillar 
  (Plate 
  LXV, 
  Fig. 
  8, 
  much 
  enlarged) 
  is 
  unusually 
  thick 
  and 
  

   plump, 
  the 
  skin 
  being 
  nnnsually 
  thin 
  and 
  transparent. 
  The 
  moth 
  (Plate 
  LXV, 
  Fig. 
  5) 
  is 
  

   ochreous 
  with 
  a 
  dark-brown 
  streak 
  toward 
  the 
  base, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  dark 
  dots 
  toward 
  tJie 
  

   end 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  wings, 
  while 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  are 
  grayish-ochreom 
  ; 
  sometimes 
  the 
  fore 
  

   wings 
  are 
  unspotted. 
  The 
  wings 
  are 
  long 
  and 
  narrow, 
  beautifully 
  fringed, 
  and 
  expand 
  

   about 
  half 
  an 
  inch. 
  Several 
  chalcid 
  parasites 
  prey 
  upon 
  it. 
  

  

  Remedies. 
  — 
  Dry 
  the 
  grain 
  in 
  an 
  oven 
  or 
  kiln 
  with 
  a 
  heat 
  of 
  167<^ 
  Fahren- 
  

   heit 
  for 
  twelve 
  hours 
  ; 
  fumigate 
  in 
  close 
  vessels 
  with 
  charcoal-gas. 
  Early 
  

   thrashing 
  and 
  winnowing 
  should 
  be 
  j)racticed, 
  not 
  later 
  than 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   July. 
  The 
  grain 
  should 
  be 
  stored 
  in 
  tight 
  bins. 
  

  

  The 
  Graix-Tixea, 
  Tinea 
  rjraneUa 
  Linn. 
  (Plate 
  LXV, 
  Fig. 
  9.) 
  — 
  DeYOuring 
  the 
  interior 
  

   of 
  grains 
  of 
  wheat, 
  tying 
  several 
  grains 
  together, 
  but 
  transforming 
  in 
  cracks, 
  etc., 
  in 
  

   the 
  floor 
  ; 
  a 
  slender 
  caterpillar. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  European 
  importation, 
  and 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  injurious 
  to 
  

   stored 
  grain, 
  though 
  less 
  so 
  than 
  the 
  Angoumoismoth. 
  It 
  is 
  found 
  fly- 
  

   ing 
  in 
  granaries 
  in 
  summer. 
  The 
  female 
  lays 
  from 
  thirty 
  to 
  forty 
  eggs, 
  

   one 
  or 
  two 
  in 
  each 
  grain. 
  The 
  caterpillar 
  hatches 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  and 
  

   eats 
  into 
  the 
  grain, 
  closing 
  the 
  entrance 
  with 
  its 
  castings, 
  and 
  after 
  de- 
  

   vouring 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  one 
  grain 
  passes 
  into 
  others, 
  uniting 
  them 
  with 
  

   silk 
  threads 
  forming 
  a 
  web. 
  When 
  about 
  to 
  transform 
  it 
  deserts 
  the 
  

   grain, 
  retires 
  to 
  cracks 
  in 
  the 
  floor 
  and 
  constructs 
  a 
  cocoon, 
  often 
  by 
  

   gnawing 
  the 
  wood 
  and 
  weaving 
  the 
  chips 
  into 
  its 
  web 
  until 
  the 
  cocoon 
  

   has 
  the 
  form 
  and 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  grain 
  of 
  wheat. 
  In 
  this 
  it 
  hibernates, 
  chang- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  a 
  pupa 
  in 
  the 
  spring, 
  and 
  in 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  weeks 
  appearing 
  as 
  a 
  

   moth. 
  

  

  Description. 
  — 
  The 
  larva 
  is 
  cylindrical, 
  with 
  long, 
  fine, 
  scattered 
  hairs, 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  light- 
  

   butt" 
  color, 
  with 
  a 
  reddish 
  head. 
  It 
  is 
  about 
  four 
  or 
  iive 
  tenths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  length. 
  

   The 
  moth 
  differs 
  entirely 
  from 
  the 
  Augoumois 
  moth 
  in 
  form, 
  and 
  is 
  creamy-white, 
  with 
  

   six 
  brown 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  costa 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  wings, 
  and 
  with 
  dark 
  hind 
  wings. 
  The 
  wings 
  

   ex^iand 
  0.06 
  inch. 
  

  

  Remedies. 
  — 
  Besides 
  those 
  suggested 
  for 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  

   grain-moth, 
  the 
  granary 
  when 
  empty 
  should 
  be 
  thoroughly 
  cleansed 
  and 
  

   whitewashed, 
  or 
  washed 
  with 
  coal-oil, 
  and 
  when 
  the 
  caterj)illars 
  are 
  at 
  

   work 
  the 
  grain 
  should 
  be 
  often 
  and 
  thoroughly 
  stirred 
  about. 
  

  

  TiieGrain-Weevil, 
  S'jfo29?ii?MS 
  i7rflri«nHS 
  (Linn.). 
  (Plate 
  LXV, 
  Fig. 
  10 
  e.) 
  — 
  A 
  short, 
  mag- 
  

   got-like 
  grub, 
  eating 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  grain 
  and 
  transforming 
  into 
  a 
  minute 
  reddish 
  

   weevil, 
  which 
  also 
  injures 
  stored 
  grain. 
  

  

  While 
  the 
  wheat-fly 
  and 
  several 
  other 
  insects 
  are 
  dubbed 
  " 
  weevils" 
  

  

  