﻿78« 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  ;i 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  larvsB 
  are 
  2^ 
  lines 
  ioug, 
  of 
  a 
  whitish 
  color, 
  tapering 
  toward 
  the 
  head, 
  composed 
  , 
  

   of 
  twelve 
  joints 
  ; 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  thoracic 
  segment 
  is 
  a, 
  short 
  branching 
  spiracle, 
  

   and 
  the 
  tail 
  is 
  furnished 
  with 
  four 
  divaricating 
  blunt 
  spines, 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  seg- 
  

   ments 
  being 
  serrated 
  with 
  hooked 
  ones. 
  When 
  full 
  grown 
  this 
  skin 
  becomes 
  horny_ 
  

   changing 
  to" 
  a 
  rust 
  color, 
  the 
  maggot 
  is 
  transformed 
  to 
  a 
  pupa 
  within 
  an 
  internal 
  | 
  

   horny 
  shell 
  of 
  a 
  chestnut 
  color, 
  and 
  of 
  course 
  the 
  pupa 
  greatly 
  resembles 
  the 
  larva. 
  j 
  

  

  " 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  an 
  extensive 
  group 
  of 
  flies 
  called 
  Borborus, 
  the 
  larvsej 
  

   of 
  which 
  live 
  upon 
  decomposing 
  vegetables, 
  and 
  probably 
  animal 
  sub- 
  

   stances 
  also; 
  at 
  all 
  events 
  they 
  are 
  generated 
  in 
  fungi. 
  A 
  portion 
  of 
  I 
  

   these 
  flies 
  is 
  now 
  distinguished 
  by 
  Macquart, 
  under 
  the 
  generic 
  name 
  

   of 
  Limosina 
  ; 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  I 
  have 
  bred 
  from 
  rotting 
  potatoes, 
  and 
  it 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  identical 
  with 
  that 
  author's 
  — 
  i 
  

  

  "Z. 
  gemculata. 
  — 
  It 
  is 
  only 
  1 
  line 
  long, 
  and 
  expands 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  2 
  lines. 
  It 
  is 
  

   black; 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  moderately 
  large, 
  with 
  an 
  ample 
  cavity 
  beneath 
  to 
  receive 
  the 
  

   mouth; 
  the 
  eyes 
  are 
  hemispheric 
  and 
  rust-colored, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  three 
  minute 
  ocelli 
  ' 
  

   on 
  the 
  crown 
  ; 
  the 
  face 
  is 
  concave, 
  with 
  two 
  little 
  horns 
  in 
  the 
  center, 
  the 
  third 
  joint 
  : 
  

   orbicular, 
  with 
  a 
  tomentose 
  seta; 
  thorax 
  broader, 
  very 
  convex; 
  scutel 
  semi-orbicular 
  

   and 
  flat 
  ; 
  abdomen 
  very 
  short, 
  the 
  segments 
  equal 
  in 
  length 
  ; 
  wings 
  rather 
  small, 
  I 
  

   smoky, 
  nervures 
  pitchy 
  ; 
  costal 
  the 
  strongest 
  ; 
  submarginal 
  cell 
  not 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  

   apex, 
  second 
  and 
  third 
  longitudinal 
  nervures 
  united 
  at 
  the 
  middle, 
  third 
  and 
  fourth 
  i 
  

   forming 
  a 
  loop 
  with 
  two 
  minute 
  branches 
  at 
  the 
  extremity 
  ; 
  balancers 
  small 
  and 
  ochre- 
  |i 
  

   ous 
  ; 
  legs 
  pitchy 
  ; 
  hips 
  ochreous, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  thighs 
  and 
  the 
  , 
  

   base 
  of 
  the 
  shanks 
  ; 
  hinder 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  spines 
  outside 
  ; 
  feet 
  long, 
  five-jointed, 
  especially 
  

   the 
  hinder, 
  which 
  are 
  slender 
  and 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  shanks 
  ; 
  dull 
  ochreous, 
  basal-joint 
  

   very 
  long 
  and 
  pitchy, 
  terminal 
  one 
  very 
  short, 
  and 
  furnished 
  with 
  short 
  claws. 
  ' 
  

  

  "M. 
  Eayer 
  also 
  observed 
  a 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  infected 
  potatoes 
  which 
  has 
  

   been 
  named 
  by 
  Gu6rin 
  Limosina 
  payenii, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  improbable 
  that 
  

   it 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  male 
  of 
  Macquart's 
  species, 
  for 
  it 
  agrees 
  very 
  well 
  with 
  our 
  

   female, 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  wings 
  and 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  hinder 
  ' 
  

   feet. 
  ' 
  

  

  " 
  With 
  the 
  foregoing 
  JDiptera 
  I 
  often 
  bred 
  a 
  parasitic 
  insect 
  in 
  consid- 
  

   erable 
  numbers, 
  but 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  attached, 
  or 
  whether 
  to 
  any 
  of 
  them, 
  

   I 
  am 
  unable 
  to 
  ascertain. 
  It 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  order 
  Hymenoptera, 
  the 
  

   family 
  Peoctotrupid^, 
  and 
  the 
  genus 
  Cerapsilon, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  

   divided 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Westwood 
  into 
  three 
  genera, 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  called 
  

   Paramesius, 
  and 
  to 
  that 
  section 
  our 
  insect 
  belongs. 
  It 
  is 
  included 
  by 
  

   Nees 
  ab 
  Esenbeck 
  in 
  the 
  genus 
  Biapria, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  named 
  by 
  him 
  — 
  

  

  "P. 
  bracMalis. 
  — 
  The 
  male 
  is 
  scarcely 
  1 
  line 
  long 
  and 
  expands 
  If; 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  glossy 
  

   black 
  ; 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  globose, 
  the 
  face 
  short, 
  ovate, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  are 
  attached 
  the 
  

   anteunse, 
  which 
  are 
  nearly 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  body, 
  ferruginous 
  and 
  fourteen-jointed, 
  basal 
  

   joint 
  long, 
  second 
  short, 
  obovate, 
  third 
  notched 
  or 
  comma-shaped, 
  remainder 
  short 
  and 
  

   obovate, 
  apical 
  joint 
  conical; 
  eyes 
  small, 
  lateral, 
  with 
  three 
  ocelli 
  on 
  the 
  crown 
  in 
  a 
  • 
  

   triangle 
  ; 
  thorax 
  very 
  globose, 
  scarcely 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  head 
  ; 
  scutel 
  small, 
  semi-oval, 
  6 
  

   deeply 
  hollowed 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  ; 
  metathorax 
  ferruginous 
  and 
  uneven 
  ; 
  petiole 
  forming 
  a 
  ■ 
  

   ferruginous 
  knob, 
  woolly 
  behind 
  ; 
  abdomen 
  small, 
  ovate-conic, 
  pitchy, 
  base 
  ferruginous, 
  

   with 
  four 
  longitudinal 
  channels 
  on 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  segment, 
  apical 
  segment 
  very 
  short; 
  

   fore 
  wings 
  dusky 
  and 
  pubescent, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  nervures 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  superior, 
  ' 
  

   forming 
  an 
  elongated 
  cell; 
  six 
  legs 
  short, 
  slender, 
  and 
  ochreous, 
  pitchj' 
  at 
  the 
  base; 
  

   thighs 
  thickened, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  anterior 
  shanks, 
  and 
  pitchy 
  at 
  the 
  middle 
  ; 
  feet 
  slender," 
  

   five-jointed, 
  tips 
  dusky. 
  Female: 
  Above 
  1 
  line 
  long, 
  and 
  expanding 
  If 
  ; 
  this 
  sex 
  is 
  

   not 
  only 
  distinguished 
  by 
  its 
  larger 
  size, 
  but 
  the 
  horns 
  are 
  shorter, 
  with 
  only 
  twelve 
  

   joints, 
  the 
  third 
  being 
  simple 
  like 
  the 
  second 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  is 
  

   acuminated, 
  and 
  very 
  acute. 
  

  

  "This 
  insect 
  belongs 
  to 
  a 
  family 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  serviceable 
  in 
  keeping 
  

   down 
  wire-worms 
  and 
  other 
  subterranean 
  larvse, 
  as 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  by 
  a 
  

   reference 
  to 
  a 
  former 
  chapter 
  and 
  the 
  Gardener's 
  Chronicle. 
  Nees 
  also 
  

   says 
  that 
  the 
  Diaprice 
  breed 
  in 
  the 
  subterranean 
  larvoe 
  of 
  Tipulw, 
  or 
  

   gnats. 
  

  

  " 
  I 
  must 
  not 
  omit 
  to 
  record 
  another 
  fly, 
  called 
  Bilojihus 
  fehrilis, 
  which 
  

   is 
  exceedingly 
  abundant 
  every 
  year, 
  the 
  larvte 
  causing 
  much 
  mischief 
  

  

  