﻿746 
  

  

  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  14.— 
  Turnip 
  FJea- 
  

   beetle, 
  larva 
  and 
  

   pupa. 
  

  

  into 
  the 
  ground 
  for 
  this 
  purpose; 
  but 
  he 
  has 
  no 
  notes 
  of 
  species 
  feeding 
  

   beneath 
  the 
  ground. 
  Harris 
  was 
  of 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  striped 
  cucum- 
  

   bre-beetles, 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  state, 
  fed 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  plants, 
  but 
  was 
  never 
  

   able 
  to 
  find 
  them. 
  I 
  have 
  demonstrated 
  many 
  years 
  ago 
  that 
  they 
  feed 
  

   on 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  melon, 
  cucumber, 
  squash, 
  and 
  pumpkin 
  vines, 
  and 
  ever 
  

   since 
  I 
  attempted 
  to 
  raise 
  any 
  kind 
  of 
  vine 
  my 
  greatest 
  trouble 
  has 
  been 
  

   not 
  to 
  find 
  them. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  Chrysomelians, 
  probably, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  plants 
  

   in 
  the 
  larval 
  state, 
  but 
  in 
  my 
  limited 
  researches 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  the 
  major- 
  

   ity 
  of 
  them 
  beneath 
  the 
  ground. 
  According 
  to 
  undisputed 
  authority, 
  

   they 
  often 
  congregate 
  together 
  in 
  great 
  numbers 
  and 
  do 
  great 
  injury 
  to 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  of 
  plants, 
  even 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  compare 
  with 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  cater- 
  

   pillars. 
  I, 
  myself, 
  have 
  observed 
  some 
  of 
  this 
  work. 
  

  

  "As 
  the 
  cucumber-beetle 
  exclusively 
  raises 
  its 
  young 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  

   the 
  Cucurbitaceous 
  (gourd) 
  family, 
  so 
  from 
  these 
  observations 
  I 
  am 
  led 
  

   to 
  believe 
  from 
  analogy 
  that 
  the 
  striped 
  turnip 
  beetle 
  raises 
  its 
  young 
  

   always 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  the 
  Cruciferous 
  (mustard) 
  family. 
  

   " 
  The 
  striped 
  turnip-beetle 
  (Fig. 
  14) 
  is 
  less 
  than 
  one-tenth 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  

   in 
  length. 
  Its 
  general 
  appearance 
  is 
  black, 
  with 
  

   a 
  broad, 
  wavy-yellowish 
  or 
  buff 
  colored 
  stripe 
  

   ^on 
  each 
  wing-cover. 
  The 
  larva 
  (Fig. 
  14) 
  is 
  white 
  

   'with 
  a 
  faint 
  darkened 
  or 
  dusky 
  median 
  line 
  on 
  

   the 
  anterior 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  being 
  probably 
  

   the 
  contents 
  of 
  the 
  alimentary 
  canal 
  seen 
  through 
  

   the 
  semi-translucent 
  skin. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  horny 
  

   and 
  light 
  brown. 
  On 
  the 
  posterior 
  extremity 
  is 
  

   a 
  brown 
  spot 
  equal 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  in 
  size 
  ; 
  and 
  

   there 
  are 
  six 
  true 
  legs 
  and 
  one 
  proleg. 
  In 
  its 
  lorm 
  and 
  general 
  appear- 
  

   ance 
  it 
  somewat 
  resembles 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  cucumber-beetle, 
  but 
  it 
  

   is 
  much 
  smaller. 
  Its 
  motion 
  is 
  slow, 
  arching 
  up 
  the 
  abdomen 
  slightly, 
  

   on 
  paper 
  or 
  any 
  smooth 
  surface, 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  position 
  that 
  its 
  motions 
  

   are 
  necessarily 
  awkward 
  and 
  unnatural, 
  because 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  nature 
  

   it 
  never 
  crawls 
  over 
  the 
  surface, 
  but 
  digs 
  and 
  burrows 
  among 
  the 
  roots 
  

   in 
  the 
  ground. 
  Its 
  length 
  is 
  0.35 
  of 
  an 
  inch, 
  and 
  breadth 
  0.06 
  of 
  an 
  

   inch. 
  It 
  feeds 
  upon 
  roots 
  beneath 
  the 
  ground. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  naked, 
  white, 
  and 
  transforms 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  earthern 
  cocoon, 
  

   pressed 
  and 
  prepared 
  by 
  the 
  larva, 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  near 
  its 
  feeding-place. 
  

   This 
  period 
  is 
  short." 
  

  

  The 
  Turnip-Butterfly, 
  Pieris 
  oleracea 
  (Harris).— 
  Devouring 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  

   turnip; 
  a 
  velvety 
  dark-green 
  caterpillar, 
  changing 
  to 
  an 
  unspotted 
  white 
  butterfly. 
  

  

  Though 
  this 
  butterfly 
  is 
  spread 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  northern 
  portion 
  of 
  our 
  conti- 
  

   nent 
  from 
  Maine 
  to 
  Utah, 
  and 
  is 
  more 
  abun- 
  

   Ij^dant 
  in 
  Colorado 
  and 
  Utah 
  (having 
  prob- 
  

   7~y 
  ably 
  recently 
  been 
  introduced 
  there) 
  than 
  

   "^y 
  in 
  the 
  Eastern 
  States, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  my 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  haveextended, 
  it 
  is 
  nowhere 
  particu- 
  

   larly 
  distinctive. 
  As 
  I 
  am 
  somewhat 
  de- 
  

   pendent 
  on 
  my 
  own 
  observations 
  regarding 
  

   the 
  transformations 
  of 
  this 
  delicate-tinted 
  

   butterfly, 
  I 
  extract 
  the 
  following 
  notice 
  

   of 
  it 
  from 
  my 
  Guide 
  to 
  the 
  Study 
  of 
  In- 
  

   sects 
  : 
  " 
  We 
  have 
  found 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  

   species 
  on 
  turnip 
  leaves 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   August 
  at 
  Chamberlain 
  Farm, 
  in 
  north- 
  

   covered 
  with 
  dense 
  hairs. 
  

  

  em 
  

  

  Fig. 
  15.— 
  Turnip 
  Butterfly 
  

   and 
  Caterpillar. 
  

  

  Maine. 
  They 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  dull 
  green, 
  and 
  

  

  l^K 
  

  

  