﻿750 
  

  

  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  crow-quill. 
  It 
  chaoges 
  in 
  September, 
  under 
  some 
  board 
  or 
  stone, 
  to 
  a 
  

   chrysalis, 
  suspended 
  by 
  a 
  thread 
  s^jun 
  over 
  the 
  back 
  as 
  shown 
  at 
  Fig. 
  

   20, 
  b. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  pale 
  flesh-brown 
  color, 
  freckled 
  with 
  

   black. 
  It 
  winters 
  in 
  this 
  state, 
  the 
  butterfly 
  appearing 
  

   in 
  Massachusetts 
  early 
  in 
  May. 
  

  

  The 
  native 
  cabbage-butterfly 
  {Pieris 
  protodice, 
  Figs. 
  

   21-23) 
  is 
  but 
  slightly 
  injurious 
  to 
  the 
  cabbage 
  in 
  the 
  

   Southern 
  and 
  Western 
  States. 
  

  

  Remedies. 
  — 
  It 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  de- 
  

   structive 
  in 
  Europe, 
  but, 
  like 
  other 
  introduced 
  species, 
  

   it 
  suddenly 
  becomes 
  a 
  fearful 
  scourge 
  in 
  a 
  new 
  country. 
  

   The 
  best 
  remedies 
  are 
  evidently 
  hand-iDicking, 
  when 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  can 
  be 
  seen, 
  and 
  the 
  capture 
  of 
  the 
  butter- 
  

   flies 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  light 
  gauze-net 
  mounted 
  on 
  a 
  wire 
  

   ring 
  a 
  foot 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  attached 
  to 
  a 
  short 
  pole. 
  

   Affected 
  cabbage-heads 
  should 
  be 
  carefully 
  examined, 
  

   and 
  if 
  much 
  infested 
  by 
  worms, 
  be 
  burned; 
  for, 
  if 
  they 
  

   are 
  suffered 
  to 
  lie 
  about 
  the 
  garden 
  after 
  being 
  pulled 
  

   up, 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  will 
  attack 
  the 
  other 
  plants. 
  

  

  Pig, 
  

  

  20. 
  — 
  European 
  

   Cabbage 
  Butterfly. 
  

   a, 
  caterpillar, 
  6, 
  

  

  chrysalis. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  21.— 
  Native 
  Cabbage 
  Butterfly, 
  

   male. 
  

  

  Fig, 
  

  

  -Native 
  Cabbage 
  

   female. 
  

  

  Butterfly, 
  

  

  Mr. 
  C. 
  S. 
  Minot, 
  in 
  an 
  article 
  

   entitled 
  " 
  Cabbage-butterflies," 
  

   in 
  the 
  American 
  Entomologist, 
  

   vol. 
  ii, 
  strongly 
  recommends 
  de- 
  

   stroying 
  the 
  chrysalis, 
  which 
  

   may 
  be 
  found 
  under 
  chips, 
  

   boards, 
  stones, 
  etc., 
  and 
  advises 
  

   that 
  boards, 
  raised 
  two 
  inches 
  

   above 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  grouud, 
  

   be 
  placed 
  among 
  the 
  plants 
  to 
  

   attract 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  when 
  

   about 
  to 
  change 
  to 
  a 
  chrysalis. 
  

  

  Eiley 
  recommends 
  drenching 
  

   the 
  plants 
  with 
  a 
  wash 
  of 
  cres- 
  

   ylic 
  soap, 
  for 
  this 
  and 
  other 
  noxious 
  cabbage-insects. 
  As 
  those 
  chrys- 
  

   alids 
  which 
  are 
  infested 
  by 
  the 
  chalcid 
  flies 
  are 
  readily 
  distinguished 
  

   from 
  the 
  healthy 
  ones 
  by 
  their 
  livid 
  and 
  diseased 
  appearance, 
  they 
  can 
  

   be 
  selected 
  and 
  preserved 
  or 
  left 
  alone, 
  and 
  thus 
  the 
  parasites 
  can 
  be 
  

   bred. 
  

  

  The 
  Toronto 
  Globe 
  recommends 
  hot 
  water 
  to 
  be 
  applied 
  to 
  cabbages 
  

   that 
  are 
  infested 
  with 
  the 
  Pieris 
  rapce, 
  sprinkled 
  on 
  from 
  a 
  fine 
  rose 
  wa- 
  

   tering-can. 
  The 
  water 
  may 
  be 
  boiling-hot 
  when 
  put 
  into 
  the 
  can, 
  but 
  it 
  

   will 
  not 
  be 
  too 
  hot 
  when 
  it 
  reaches 
  the 
  leaves. 
  The 
  thick 
  fleshy 
  nature 
  

  

  Fig. 
  23. 
  — 
  ^Native 
  Cabbage 
  Butterfly, 
  a, 
  cater 
  

   pillar, 
  6, 
  chrysalis. 
  

  

  