﻿PACKARD.] 
  THE 
  KADISH 
  SEED-WEEVIL. 
  763 
  

  

  from 
  Curtis's 
  " 
  Farm 
  Insects." 
  Dr. 
  Fitch 
  regards 
  our 
  species 
  {A. 
  raphani 
  

   Harris) 
  as 
  identical 
  " 
  in 
  every 
  particular 
  with 
  the 
  European 
  A. 
  radicum,^^ 
  

   In 
  Europe 
  it 
  gnaws 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  the 
  turnip. 
  The 
  larvse 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  radishes 
  get 
  partly 
  grown. 
  " 
  When 
  full-grown, 
  

   they 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  to 
  reddish-brown 
  pupse, 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  onion 
  and 
  cabbage 
  maggots. 
  The 
  insect 
  remains 
  in 
  this 
  state 
  two 
  

   or 
  three 
  weeks, 
  when 
  the 
  fly 
  hatches 
  and 
  crawls 
  up 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  ground, 
  

   with 
  its 
  wings 
  crumpled 
  up, 
  and 
  climbing 
  up 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  clod 
  or 
  any 
  

   perpendicular 
  surface 
  which 
  it 
  finds, 
  these 
  members 
  expand 
  and 
  assume 
  

   their 
  proper 
  form 
  before 
  they 
  become 
  dried 
  and 
  firm." 
  (Fitch.) 
  

  

  Description 
  of 
  larva. 
  — 
  The 
  larva 
  is 
  0.20 
  inch 
  long, 
  elongating 
  itself 
  to 
  0.25 
  inch 
  when 
  

   crawling. 
  It 
  is 
  about 
  three 
  times 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  thick, 
  appearing 
  to 
  he 
  more 
  short 
  and 
  

   broad 
  than 
  larvse 
  of 
  the 
  onion-fly. 
  It 
  is 
  white, 
  shining, 
  cylindrical, 
  and 
  tapering 
  to 
  a 
  

   point 
  anteriorly, 
  where 
  the 
  jaws 
  appear 
  under 
  the 
  skin 
  as 
  a 
  short, 
  black, 
  movable 
  line, 
  

   its 
  anterior 
  end 
  when 
  protruded 
  forward 
  becoming 
  split, 
  and 
  then 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  two 
  

   sharp 
  hooks, 
  which 
  are 
  curved 
  downward, 
  and 
  when 
  the 
  animal 
  is 
  crawling 
  these 
  

   hooks 
  are 
  pressed 
  downward 
  against 
  the 
  surface 
  to 
  aid 
  in 
  locomotion. 
  The 
  body 
  is 
  

   divided 
  by 
  transverse 
  lines 
  into 
  eleven 
  or 
  twelve 
  segments, 
  and 
  when 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  ex- 
  

   serted 
  thirteen 
  segments 
  can 
  be 
  counted. 
  At 
  the 
  hind 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  back 
  a 
  pale, 
  tawny- 
  

   yellowish 
  dorsal 
  stripe 
  is 
  faintly 
  visible. 
  The 
  hind 
  end 
  is 
  abruptly 
  cut 
  off, 
  obliquely 
  

   downward 
  and 
  slightly 
  backward, 
  forming 
  a 
  flat 
  surface, 
  having 
  above 
  its 
  center 
  two 
  

   conspicuous 
  spiracles, 
  or 
  elevated 
  dots, 
  their 
  surface 
  opaque 
  and 
  rugose, 
  and 
  their 
  color 
  

   sometimes 
  tawny-yellow, 
  sometimes 
  black. 
  This 
  flattened 
  hind 
  end 
  has 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

   small 
  acute 
  teeth 
  around 
  its 
  outer 
  margin, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  two 
  lower 
  ones 
  are 
  thicker, 
  of 
  

   a 
  brownish 
  color, 
  and 
  slightly 
  notched 
  or 
  two-toothed 
  at 
  their 
  tips 
  in 
  the 
  large 
  but 
  not 
  

   in 
  the 
  smaller 
  young 
  larvse. 
  Above 
  these 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  are 
  three 
  teeth, 
  distant 
  from 
  

   each 
  othor, 
  the 
  middle 
  one 
  nearer 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  than 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  one. 
  

  

  Theflij. 
  — 
  In 
  these 
  radish-flies 
  the 
  two 
  sexes 
  differ 
  materially. 
  The 
  male 
  is 
  ash-gray 
  

   and 
  very 
  bristly 
  ; 
  the 
  large 
  compound 
  eyes 
  occupy 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  

   are 
  almost 
  in 
  contact 
  upon 
  thecr 
  own. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  three 
  minute 
  eyes 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   the 
  crown. 
  The 
  face 
  is 
  silvery-gray, 
  almost 
  white 
  in 
  some 
  reflections 
  of 
  the 
  light, 
  with 
  

   a 
  long 
  black 
  streak 
  on 
  the 
  forehead, 
  which 
  is 
  pointed 
  at 
  its 
  hind 
  end. 
  Below 
  this 
  

   streak 
  are 
  the 
  black 
  three-jointed 
  antennse, 
  the 
  basal 
  joint 
  being 
  small, 
  the 
  second 
  

   large, 
  the 
  third 
  largest 
  and 
  oval, 
  with 
  a 
  two-jointed 
  pubescent 
  bristle 
  on 
  the 
  back, 
  the 
  

   first 
  of 
  the 
  joints 
  being 
  very 
  minute. 
  The 
  fore 
  body 
  is 
  oblong, 
  whitish 
  on 
  the 
  sides, 
  

   with 
  three 
  faint, 
  interrupted 
  dusky 
  sttipes 
  upon 
  the 
  back. 
  The 
  hind 
  body 
  is 
  shining 
  

   gray, 
  rather 
  small 
  and 
  elliptical, 
  tapering 
  to 
  the 
  apex, 
  with 
  a 
  black 
  stripe 
  down 
  the 
  

   back, 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  segments 
  and 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  scutel 
  being 
  also 
  black. 
  The 
  

   two 
  rings 
  are 
  large, 
  transparent, 
  iridescent, 
  laid 
  the 
  one 
  upon 
  the 
  other 
  in 
  repose, 
  the 
  

   longitudinal 
  veins 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  margin, 
  with 
  two 
  transverse 
  veinlets 
  in 
  the 
  disk. 
  

   The 
  poisers 
  are 
  pale 
  yellowish. 
  The 
  six 
  legs 
  are 
  black 
  and 
  bristly, 
  the 
  feet 
  five-jointed,^ 
  

   ending 
  in 
  two 
  little 
  claws 
  and 
  two 
  large 
  pale 
  leathery 
  lobes. 
  

  

  The 
  /(ma7e 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  uniform 
  ash-gray 
  color, 
  excepting 
  the 
  silvery-white 
  face 
  and 
  pale 
  

   sides 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  body. 
  The 
  eyes 
  are 
  widely 
  apart, 
  with 
  a 
  broad 
  black 
  stripe 
  between 
  

   them, 
  which 
  is 
  shaded 
  into 
  chestnut 
  color 
  in 
  front. 
  The 
  hind 
  body 
  is 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  

   the 
  male 
  and 
  conical 
  toward 
  its 
  apex. 
  The 
  wings 
  have 
  a 
  tinge 
  of 
  yellowish 
  at 
  their 
  

   bases. 
  The 
  species 
  measures 
  0.22 
  inch 
  in 
  length 
  and 
  0.45 
  inch 
  in 
  width 
  across 
  the 
  ex- 
  

   tended 
  wings. 
  

  

  Remedies. 
  — 
  The 
  best 
  preventive 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  early 
  sowing 
  and 
  the 
  

   rotation 
  of 
  crops 
  ; 
  while 
  infected 
  roots 
  should 
  be 
  pulled 
  up 
  and 
  burned 
  

   with 
  the 
  maggots 
  in 
  them, 
  hot 
  water 
  should 
  be 
  poured 
  on 
  the 
  roots, 
  

   and 
  salt 
  and 
  lime 
  applied. 
  

  

  The 
  Radish 
  Seed-Weevil. 
  — 
  Devouring 
  the 
  seeds, 
  gnawing 
  a 
  hole 
  through 
  the 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  pod 
  ; 
  the 
  small 
  white 
  grub 
  of 
  a 
  pale-gray, 
  broad, 
  short 
  weevil. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  year 
  1857 
  I 
  found 
  in 
  Maine 
  upon 
  the 
  radish-leaves 
  a 
  specimen 
  

   of 
  a 
  weevil, 
  whicli 
  I 
  cannot 
  distinguish 
  by 
  Curtis's 
  description 
  and 
  fig- 
  

   ure 
  from 
  the 
  European 
  Geiitorhynchus 
  assimilis 
  Payk. 
  

  

  In 
  Europe 
  this 
  weevil 
  was 
  first 
  observed 
  among 
  turnip-seed, 
  where, 
  as 
  

   a 
  white 
  maggot, 
  it 
  devours 
  the 
  seed 
  in 
  the 
  pods; 
  when 
  fully 
  fed 
  it 
  gnaws 
  

   a 
  hole 
  through 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  pod, 
  out 
  of 
  which 
  it 
  escapes, 
  and 
  makes 
  

   its 
  way 
  into 
  the 
  ground 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  inches 
  below 
  the 
  surface, 
  where 
  it 
  

  

  