﻿PACKARD.J 
  THE 
  PARSNIP-BUTTERFLY. 
  765 
  

  

  fed 
  in 
  ten 
  or 
  twelve 
  days. 
  The 
  grub 
  feeds 
  upon 
  the 
  asparagus, 
  gnawing 
  

   through 
  the 
  outer 
  bark, 
  " 
  preferring 
  the 
  tender 
  bark 
  on 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  

   stalks 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  branches 
  to 
  tbe 
  more 
  tough 
  and 
  stringy 
  bark 
  toward 
  

   the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  stem." 
  In 
  about 
  thirty 
  days 
  from 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  egg 
  is 
  

   laid 
  the 
  beetle 
  appears, 
  and 
  is 
  found 
  through 
  the 
  summer 
  and 
  autumn, 
  

   hibernating 
  in 
  the 
  winter 
  in 
  crevices 
  in 
  fences, 
  etc. 
  The 
  beetles 
  "feed 
  

   upon 
  the 
  bark, 
  eating 
  irregular 
  oval 
  or 
  oblong 
  holes 
  through 
  it, 
  length- 
  

   wise 
  of 
  the 
  stalks, 
  and 
  varying 
  in 
  size 
  from 
  about 
  an 
  eighth 
  to 
  a 
  quarter 
  

   of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  length. 
  These 
  holes 
  are 
  most 
  numerous 
  toward 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  

   the 
  stalks 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  branches, 
  where, 
  frequently, 
  nearly 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  

   the 
  bark 
  is 
  consumed." 
  

  

  Description 
  of 
  the 
  larva. 
  — 
  It 
  attains 
  a 
  length 
  of 
  about 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  an 
  inch. 
  It 
  is 
  of 
  

   an 
  obscure 
  olive 
  or 
  dull 
  ash-gray 
  color, 
  often 
  with 
  a 
  blackish 
  stripe 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  the 
  back. 
  It 
  is 
  soft 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  flesh-like 
  consistency, 
  about 
  three 
  times 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  

   thick, 
  thickest 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  middle, 
  with 
  the 
  body 
  much 
  wrinkled 
  transversely. 
  The 
  

   head 
  is 
  black 
  and 
  shining, 
  and 
  the 
  neck, 
  which 
  is 
  thicker 
  tha-n 
  the 
  head, 
  has 
  two 
  shin- 
  

   ing 
  black 
  spots 
  above. 
  Three 
  pairs 
  of 
  legs 
  are 
  placed 
  anteriorly 
  upon 
  the 
  breast, 
  and 
  

   are 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  shining 
  black 
  color 
  with 
  the 
  head. 
  As 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  crawling, 
  

   the 
  larva 
  clings 
  also 
  with 
  the 
  tip 
  end 
  of 
  its 
  body, 
  and 
  all 
  along 
  its 
  under 
  side 
  may 
  then 
  

   be 
  seen 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  small 
  tubercles, 
  slightly 
  projecting 
  from 
  the 
  surface, 
  which 
  serve 
  

   as 
  prolegs 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  its 
  body. 
  Above 
  these 
  tubercles 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  is 
  a 
  

   row 
  of 
  elevateci 
  shining 
  dots 
  like 
  warts, 
  above 
  which 
  the 
  breathing-pores 
  appear 
  like 
  

   a 
  row 
  of 
  minute 
  black 
  dots.. 
  

  

  The 
  beetle 
  is 
  oblong, 
  blue-black, 
  the 
  prothorax 
  bright 
  tawny-red 
  ; 
  the 
  wing-covers 
  

   broadly 
  bordered 
  with 
  orange-yellow, 
  while 
  along 
  the 
  middle 
  is 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  three 
  lemon- 
  

   yellow 
  spots. 
  The 
  legs 
  and 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  are 
  shining 
  blue-black, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  

   frequently 
  a 
  dull 
  yellowish 
  band 
  below 
  the 
  knees, 
  and 
  a 
  spot 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  color 
  on 
  the 
  

   base 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  thighs. 
  — 
  (Fitch.) 
  

  

  Remedy. 
  — 
  Hand-picking 
  and 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  hens 
  and 
  chickens. 
  

  

  INSECTS 
  INFESTING- 
  THE 
  CARROT 
  AND 
  PARSNIP. 
  

  

  The 
  Parsnip-Buttbefly, 
  Pajnlio 
  asterias 
  Drury. 
  — 
  Feeding 
  upon 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  

   carrot, 
  parsley, 
  and 
  parsnips 
  ; 
  a 
  large 
  yellow 
  caterpillar, 
  smooth, 
  cylindrical, 
  striped 
  and. 
  

   spotted 
  with 
  black, 
  and 
  changing 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  and 
  black 
  swallow-tailed 
  butterfly, 
  spotted 
  

   with 
  yellow. 
  

  

  Our 
  large, 
  common 
  asterias 
  butterfly 
  is 
  not 
  usually 
  common 
  enough 
  to 
  

   be 
  injurious, 
  but 
  is 
  liable 
  in 
  certain 
  seasons 
  to 
  be 
  locally 
  so. 
  It 
  appears 
  

   in 
  the 
  Northern 
  States 
  in 
  June, 
  when 
  it 
  lays 
  its 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  

   the 
  carrot, 
  parsley, 
  and 
  parsnip. 
  From 
  this 
  brood 
  a 
  new 
  set 
  of 
  butter- 
  

   flies 
  appear 
  in 
  August. 
  The 
  larva 
  is 
  yellow, 
  striped 
  and 
  spotted 
  with 
  

   black, 
  and 
  when 
  irritated, 
  pushes 
  out 
  from 
  a 
  slit 
  just 
  behind 
  the 
  head 
  a 
  

   V-shaped, 
  yellow, 
  fleshy 
  scent-organ, 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  defense. 
  The 
  

   chrysalis 
  is 
  free, 
  attached 
  by 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  and 
  supported 
  by 
  

   a 
  loose 
  silken 
  thread, 
  which 
  is 
  passed 
  over 
  the 
  back. 
  It 
  has 
  two 
  ear-like 
  

   projections 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  a 
  prominence 
  on 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  

   the 
  thorax. 
  It 
  lives 
  in 
  this 
  state 
  from 
  nine 
  to 
  fifteen 
  days. 
  

  

  The 
  butterfly 
  is 
  black, 
  with 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  yellow 
  spots 
  across 
  the 
  wing 
  and 
  

   a 
  similar 
  row 
  near 
  the 
  hinder 
  edge, 
  with 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  large 
  blue 
  patches 
  on 
  

   the 
  hind 
  wings 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  yellow 
  spots. 
  The 
  female 
  is 
  

   larger 
  and 
  differs 
  from 
  the 
  male 
  in 
  wanting 
  the 
  inner 
  row 
  of 
  yellow 
  spots 
  

   on 
  the 
  fore 
  wings. 
  The 
  wings 
  expand 
  from 
  3J-4 
  inches. 
  The 
  obvious 
  

   remedy 
  is 
  hand-picking. 
  A 
  large 
  ichneumon 
  fly, 
  Trogon 
  exesorius, 
  preys 
  

   upon 
  it. 
  

  

  The 
  seeds 
  of 
  these 
  umbelliferous 
  plants 
  are 
  often 
  infested 
  by 
  minute 
  

   weevils, 
  flies, 
  and 
  small 
  moths, 
  but 
  we 
  know 
  as 
  yet 
  but 
  little 
  about 
  

   them. 
  

  

  