﻿774 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  the 
  liiud 
  wings 
  have 
  two 
  short, 
  thread-like 
  tails, 
  the 
  inner 
  one 
  the 
  longest, 
  and 
  tipped 
  

   with 
  white; 
  along 
  the 
  hind 
  margin 
  of 
  these 
  same 
  wings 
  is 
  a 
  row 
  of 
  little 
  pale-blue 
  

   spots, 
  interrupted 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  orange-red 
  crescent 
  inclosing 
  a 
  small 
  black 
  spot; 
  the 
  

   wings 
  beneath 
  are 
  slate-gray, 
  with 
  two 
  wavy 
  streaks 
  of 
  brown 
  edged 
  on 
  one 
  side 
  with 
  

   white, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  an 
  orange-colored 
  spot 
  near 
  the 
  hind 
  angle, 
  and 
  a 
  larger 
  

   spot 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  color 
  inclosing 
  a 
  black 
  dot 
  just 
  before 
  the 
  tails. 
  It 
  expands 
  one 
  inch 
  

   and 
  one-tenth. 
  (Harris.) 
  It 
  ranges, 
  according 
  to 
  Scudder, 
  from 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  to 
  the 
  

   Pacific, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  Canadian 
  border 
  to 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico 
  and 
  southward 
  to 
  Ven- 
  

   ezuela. 
  Besides 
  the 
  hop, 
  it 
  feeds 
  on 
  Crataegus 
  apiifolia, 
  Rypericum 
  auream, 
  and 
  Phaseolus. 
  

   The 
  Semicolon 
  Butterfly, 
  Pylygonia 
  {Grapta) 
  interrogationis 
  (Fabr.).— 
  A 
  brov/n 
  

   caterpillar 
  with 
  a 
  red 
  head 
  aud 
  pale-yellow 
  or 
  brownish 
  spines, 
  sometimes 
  defoliating 
  

   the 
  vine, 
  and 
  changing 
  into 
  a 
  large 
  tawny-orange 
  butterfly 
  with 
  jagged 
  aud 
  angular 
  

   wings. 
  

  

  Though 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  this 
  common 
  butterfly 
  lives 
  on 
  the 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  elm 
  and 
  lime 
  trees, 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  at 
  times 
  quite 
  destructive 
  to 
  the 
  hop- 
  

   vine, 
  sometimes 
  abounding 
  " 
  to 
  such 
  a 
  degree 
  as 
  totallj^ 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  

   produce 
  of 
  the 
  plant." 
  — 
  (Harris.) 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  so 
  conspicuous 
  

   early 
  in 
  August 
  that 
  they 
  can 
  be 
  easily 
  plucked 
  off 
  with 
  the 
  hand. 
  The 
  

   chrysalides, 
  which 
  late 
  in 
  August 
  suspend 
  themselves 
  beneath 
  theleaves 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  stems 
  of 
  the 
  vine, 
  can 
  be 
  picked 
  olf, 
  though 
  Harris 
  recom- 
  

   mends 
  that 
  the 
  vine 
  " 
  should 
  be 
  cut 
  down, 
  stipped 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  that 
  is 
  

   sufficiently 
  ripened, 
  and 
  then 
  burned." 
  

  

  Caterpillar.—" 
  Browish, 
  variegated 
  with 
  pale 
  yellow, 
  or 
  pale 
  yellow 
  variegated 
  with 
  

   brown, 
  with 
  a 
  yellowish 
  line 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  ; 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  rust-red, 
  with 
  two 
  

   blackish 
  branched-spines 
  on 
  the 
  top 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  spines 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  are 
  pale 
  yellow 
  or 
  

   brownish, 
  and 
  tipped 
  with 
  black." 
  — 
  (Harris.) 
  

  

  Chrysalis.—" 
  Ashen 
  brown, 
  with 
  the 
  head 
  deeply 
  notched, 
  and 
  surmounted 
  by 
  two 
  

   conical 
  ears, 
  a 
  long 
  and 
  thin 
  nose-like 
  prominence 
  on 
  the 
  thorax, 
  and 
  eight 
  silvery 
  spots 
  

   on 
  the 
  back. 
  The 
  chrysalis 
  state 
  usually 
  lasts 
  from 
  eleven 
  to 
  fourteen 
  days 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  

   later 
  broods 
  are 
  more 
  tady 
  in 
  their 
  transformations, 
  the 
  butterfly 
  sometimes 
  not 
  ap- 
  

   pearing 
  in 
  less 
  than 
  twenty-sis 
  days 
  after 
  the 
  change 
  to 
  the 
  chrysalis."— 
  (Harris.) 
  

  

  Butterfly.— 
  Tawn 
  J 
  orange, 
  wings 
  very 
  angular, 
  though 
  less 
  dentate 
  than 
  in 
  Polyc/onia 
  

   comma 
  and 
  proline, 
  but 
  the 
  " 
  tails 
  " 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  are 
  longer 
  and 
  more 
  pointed. 
  * 
  The 
  

   fore 
  wings 
  are 
  tawny 
  orange, 
  but 
  dark 
  browu 
  along 
  the 
  outer 
  margin, 
  with 
  the 
  extreme 
  

   edge 
  washed 
  with 
  violet. 
  Beneath 
  ash-colored 
  like 
  old 
  unpainted 
  pine 
  wood, 
  with 
  a 
  

   large 
  heavy 
  silver 
  mark 
  of 
  interrogation. 
  It 
  is 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  P. 
  comma 
  andprogne, 
  

   expanding 
  over 
  two 
  aud 
  a 
  half 
  (2.60) 
  incheis. 
  

  

  Harris 
  states 
  that 
  " 
  great 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  chrysalides 
  are 
  annually 
  

   destroyed 
  by 
  little 
  maggots 
  within 
  them, 
  which, 
  in 
  due 
  time, 
  are 
  trans- 
  

   formed 
  to 
  tiny 
  four-winged 
  flies, 
  [Fteromalus 
  vcmessce,) 
  which 
  make 
  their 
  

   escape 
  by 
  eating 
  little 
  holes 
  through 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  chrysalis." 
  

   The 
  Comma 
  Butterfly, 
  Polygonia 
  (Grapta) 
  comma 
  (Harris).— 
  This 
  

  

  is 
  a 
  smaller 
  butterfly 
  than 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   ceding, 
  appearing 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  lay- 
  

   ing 
  its 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  

   hop-vine, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  other 
  ijlants 
  

   (the 
  elm, 
  nettle 
  and 
  Baehmeria 
  cylin- 
  

   drica). 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  change 
  to 
  

   chrysalides 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  July, 
  

   their 
  butterflies 
  lay 
  eggs 
  for 
  a 
  new 
  

   brood 
  of 
  caterpillars, 
  which 
  change 
  

   vr-* 
  igss^ 
  WW 
  -^ 
  t^ 
  chrysalides 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  Septem- 
  

  

  ^ 
  ^ 
  ' 
  ber 
  aud 
  the 
  butterflies 
  hibernate. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  44.— 
  Progne 
  Butterfly. 
  

  

  Descrip1io7i.— 
  The 
  caterpillar 
  closely 
  resembles 
  that 
  of 
  G. 
  interrogationis. 
  The 
  but 
  

   teifly 
  ismuchsmallerthanP. 
  ratoroi/tt^iojiis, 
  and 
  thefore 
  wings 
  of 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  shape, 
  

   but 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  are 
  more 
  toothed, 
  with 
  a 
  broad, 
  less 
  sharp 
  " 
  tail." 
  The 
  spots 
  and 
  

   color 
  are 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  but 
  darker. 
  Hiud 
  wiugs 
  with 
  an 
  angular, 
  slender, 
  silvery 
  

   mark, 
  somewhat 
  like 
  a 
  comma. 
  The 
  inner 
  half 
  of 
  both 
  wings 
  darker 
  wood-ash 
  color 
  

   than 
  in 
  P. 
  interrogationis. 
  Expanse 
  of 
  wiugs, 
  2^ 
  inches. 
  It 
  is 
  very 
  closely 
  allied 
  to 
  P. 
  

   progne 
  (Fig. 
  44). 
  

  

  