﻿784 
  

  

  REPOKT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY. 
  

  

  less, 
  hypogeau 
  mothers 
  perform 
  the 
  very 
  same 
  function 
  as 
  the 
  winged 
  

   ones 
  ; 
  i. 
  e., 
  they 
  lay 
  a 
  few 
  eggs, 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  two 
  sizes, 
  and 
  which 
  pro- 
  

   duce 
  males 
  and 
  females, 
  organized 
  and 
  constructed 
  precisely 
  as 
  those 
  

   born 
  of 
  the 
  winged 
  females, 
  and, 
  like 
  them, 
  producing 
  the 
  solitary 
  

   impregnated 
  egg. 
  Thus, 
  the 
  interesting 
  fact 
  is 
  established 
  that 
  even 
  

   the 
  winged 
  form 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  essential 
  to 
  the 
  perpetuation 
  of 
  

  

  the 
  species 
  ; 
  but 
  that, 
  if 
  all 
  

   such 
  winged 
  individuals 
  

   were 
  destroyed 
  as 
  fast 
  as 
  

   they 
  issue 
  from 
  the 
  ground, 
  

   the 
  species 
  could 
  still 
  go 
  on 
  

   multiplying 
  in 
  a 
  vineyard 
  

   from 
  } 
  ear 
  to 
  year. 
  We 
  have, 
  

   therefore, 
  the 
  spectacle 
  of 
  an 
  

   underground 
  insect, 
  posses- 
  

   sing 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  continued 
  

   existence, 
  even 
  when 
  con- 
  

   fined 
  to 
  its 
  subterranean 
  re- 
  

   treats. 
  It 
  spreads 
  in 
  the 
  

   wingless 
  state 
  from 
  vine 
  to 
  

   vine, 
  and 
  from 
  vineyard 
  to 
  

   vineyard, 
  when 
  these 
  are 
  ad- 
  

   jacent, 
  either 
  through 
  pas- 
  

  

  FlG.r^.-Type 
  radidcoZa. 
  a, 
  roots 
  of 
  Clmtonviue, 
  j 
  ^^ 
  ground 
  itself 
  

  

  showing 
  the 
  relation 
  of 
  sweHrngs 
  to 
  leaf-galls, 
  ° 
  °,^^„ 
  ^i,„ 
  o,-,^fo»r>. 
  ot 
  fho 
  

  

  the 
  power 
  of 
  resisting 
  deconiposttion 
  ; 
  1), 
  larva, 
  or 
  over 
  the 
  Surface; 
  at 
  the 
  

  

  as 
  it 
  appears 
  when 
  hibernating 
  ; 
  c, 
  d, 
  antenna 
  same 
  time 
  it 
  is 
  able, 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  and 
  leg 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  ; 
  e,f, 
  g, 
  forms 
  of 
  more 
  mature 
  -vviuged 
  condition 
  to' 
  migrate 
  

  

  lico 
  ; 
  h, 
  granulations 
  of 
  skin 
  ; 
  i, 
  tubercle 
  ; 
  j, 
  trans- 
  ^ 
  j^ 
  ^^^^ 
  distant 
  

  

  verse 
  folds 
  at 
  border 
  of 
  joints; 
  h, 
  simple 
  eyes. 
  ^^ 
  . 
  .-d-i^ 
  \ 
  

  

  (After 
  Riley.) 
  points."— 
  ^Rdey.) 
  

  

  The 
  solitary 
  egg 
  above 
  referred 
  to 
  is 
  the 
  winter 
  egg. 
  As 
  autumn 
  ad- 
  

   vances, 
  the 
  winged 
  individuals 
  become 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  scarce, 
  and 
  only 
  

  

  eggs, 
  newly-hatched 
  larva3, 
  

   and 
  a 
  few 
  wingless, 
  egg-bear- 
  

   ing 
  mothers 
  are 
  seen. 
  The 
  

   latter 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  die 
  during 
  

   the 
  winter, 
  and 
  consequently 
  

   the 
  species 
  in 
  winter 
  is 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  

   ' 
  eggs. 
  In 
  spring 
  the 
  larvse 
  molt 
  

   their 
  winter 
  coat, 
  and, 
  after 
  

   attaining 
  maturity, 
  lay 
  eggs. 
  

   The 
  eggs 
  laid 
  by 
  the 
  winged 
  

   females 
  are 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  down 
  

   of 
  the 
  leaf 
  of 
  the 
  vine, 
  but 
  

   more 
  commonly 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  

   around 
  the 
  roots. 
  

  

  As 
  to 
  remedies, 
  one 
  hun- 
  

   dred 
  and 
  forty 
  have 
  already 
  

   been 
  proposed 
  in 
  France, 
  but 
  

   none 
  are 
  infallible. 
  The 
  best 
  

   general 
  remedy 
  is 
  flooding 
  the 
  

  

  FiG.52.-TypemfJi«coZa. 
  <f, 
  ?>, 
  Pupa 
  and 
  imago 
  of 
  a 
  • 
  ^ 
  ^jg 
  j^ 
  autumn 
  or 
  wiu- 
  

  

  problematic 
  individual, 
  orsupposed 
  male 
  ; 
  o,ri. 
  Its 
  mi 
  ^ 
  k^^^ 
  o,^or.ifi/i 
  oi-.i-.1i 
  

  

  intenna 
  and 
  leg 
  ; 
  e, 
  vesicles 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  abdomen, 
  tcr. 
  The 
  best 
  specific 
  appll- 
  

  

  ( 
  After 
  Riley.) 
  cation 
  has 
  been 
  foundto 
  be 
  the 
  

  

  bisulphide 
  of 
  carbon, 
  two 
  ounces 
  to 
  be 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  hole 
  near 
  the 
  root, 
  the 
  

   earth 
  becoming 
  impregnated, 
  the 
  insects 
  are 
  killed. 
  Mr. 
  Eiley 
  has 
  urged 
  

  

  T9 
  

  

  