﻿PACKAKD.J 
  THE 
  AMERICAN 
  TENT-CATERPILLAR. 
  793 
  

  

  above 
  all, 
  co-operation 
  among 
  those 
  sulfering 
  from 
  these 
  worms, 
  would 
  

   enable 
  us 
  to 
  check 
  their 
  ravages. 
  

  

  Plate 
  LXVIX, 
  Fig. 
  1, 
  «, 
  represents 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  of 
  vernata; 
  h, 
  egg; 
  c, 
  

   d, 
  side 
  and 
  dorsal 
  view 
  of 
  a 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillar. 
  Fig. 
  2, 
  a, 
  the 
  male 
  

   moth 
  ; 
  b, 
  the 
  wingless 
  female 
  ; 
  c, 
  three 
  joints 
  of 
  the 
  antenna 
  ; 
  <?, 
  dorsal 
  

   view 
  of 
  an 
  abdominal 
  segment. 
  Figs. 
  3 
  and 
  4 
  the 
  different 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  

   autumnal 
  species 
  {A. 
  autumnata). 
  

  

  The 
  A^ierican 
  Tent-Caterpillar, 
  Clisiocampa 
  americana 
  Harris. 
  (Plate 
  LXIX, 
  

   Figs. 
  5, 
  6. 
  ) 
  — 
  Devouring 
  the 
  foliage 
  and 
  forming 
  couspicnons 
  tent-like 
  webs 
  or 
  nests 
  in 
  the 
  

   forks 
  of 
  tlie 
  branches 
  ; 
  a 
  large, 
  haii'y 
  caterpillar 
  with 
  a 
  dorsal 
  white 
  stripe 
  and 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  fine, 
  wrinkled 
  black 
  lines 
  on 
  a 
  yellow 
  ground, 
  united 
  below 
  into 
  a 
  common 
  black 
  

   band, 
  with 
  a 
  blue 
  spot 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  each 
  ring. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  canker-worms 
  are 
  breaking 
  out 
  of 
  their 
  egg- 
  

   shells, 
  the 
  young 
  tent-caterpillars 
  are 
  following 
  suit. 
  This 
  occurs 
  usu- 
  

   ally 
  alDout 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  May, 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  Boston, 
  or 
  a 
  month 
  or 
  six 
  

   weeks 
  earlier 
  in 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  Saint 
  Louis, 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  un- 
  

   folding. 
  At 
  this 
  time, 
  if 
  one 
  will 
  examine 
  closely 
  the 
  conspicuous 
  

   bunches 
  of 
  eggs 
  on 
  "the 
  twigs 
  of 
  the 
  tree, 
  he 
  may 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  little 
  

   caterpillars 
  clustering 
  about 
  on 
  the 
  outside 
  of 
  the 
  egg-mass. 
  When 
  

   hatched, 
  they 
  have 
  large 
  heads, 
  and 
  the 
  body 
  is 
  provided 
  with 
  long, 
  

   scattered 
  hairs. 
  They 
  at 
  once 
  betake 
  themselves 
  to 
  the 
  opening 
  buds, 
  

   congregating 
  at 
  noon-time, 
  when 
  the 
  sun 
  is 
  hot 
  among 
  the 
  axils 
  of 
  the 
  

   branches, 
  there 
  forming 
  a 
  tent 
  of 
  silk 
  for 
  protection 
  from 
  the 
  sun 
  and 
  

   rain. 
  As 
  they 
  increase 
  in 
  size, 
  they 
  make 
  extended 
  journeys 
  over 
  dif- 
  

   ferent 
  branches, 
  laying 
  pathways 
  of 
  silk 
  wherever 
  they 
  go. 
  The 
  tent 
  

   or 
  nest 
  increases 
  in 
  size 
  until 
  it 
  becomes 
  the 
  conspicuous, 
  but 
  by 
  no 
  

   means 
  ornamental, 
  object 
  so 
  noticeable 
  on 
  the 
  grounds 
  of 
  slovenly 
  farm- 
  

   ers 
  early 
  in 
  June. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  become 
  fully 
  grown 
  by 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  June. 
  Then 
  they 
  spin 
  dense, 
  tough, 
  white 
  cocoons 
  under 
  loose 
  bark^ 
  

   or 
  under 
  boards 
  and 
  rails 
  of 
  fences, 
  and 
  the 
  moth 
  appears 
  about 
  the 
  1st 
  

   of 
  July. 
  

  

  I 
  once 
  experimented 
  with 
  a 
  worm 
  to 
  see 
  how 
  persevering 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  

   in 
  spinning 
  its 
  cocoon. 
  After 
  one 
  cocoon 
  was 
  finished 
  I 
  removed 
  it, 
  

   when 
  by 
  another 
  day 
  a 
  new 
  one 
  was 
  spun 
  like 
  the 
  other. 
  Upon 
  my 
  re- 
  

   moving 
  this, 
  it 
  spun 
  a 
  third 
  one 
  which 
  was 
  thin 
  and 
  slight, 
  the 
  supply 
  

   of 
  silk 
  having 
  been 
  exhausted. 
  The 
  silk 
  is 
  secreted 
  by 
  two 
  glands 
  one- 
  

   half 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  body 
  when 
  drawn 
  out, 
  but 
  which 
  are 
  folded 
  up 
  

   beneath 
  the 
  digestive 
  canal, 
  and 
  open 
  out 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  lip. 
  The 
  silk 
  is 
  

   fluid, 
  becoming 
  solid 
  on 
  exposure 
  to 
  the 
  air. 
  

  

  The 
  American 
  tent-caterpillar 
  is 
  about 
  two 
  inches 
  in 
  length, 
  with 
  

   long, 
  rather 
  dense 
  hairs. 
  Along 
  the 
  back 
  runs 
  a 
  white 
  stripe, 
  accompa- 
  

   nied 
  by 
  numerous 
  fine, 
  wrinkled 
  black 
  lines 
  on 
  a 
  yellow 
  ground, 
  united 
  

   below 
  into 
  a 
  common 
  black 
  line. 
  On 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  each 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  body- 
  

   is 
  a 
  conspicuous 
  blue 
  spot. 
  

  

  The 
  moths 
  hide 
  by 
  day 
  about 
  the 
  garden, 
  and 
  ^hen 
  the 
  lamps 
  are 
  

   lighted, 
  in 
  they 
  dart 
  and 
  tumble 
  about 
  on 
  the 
  table 
  under 
  the 
  light, 
  in 
  

   an 
  insensate 
  way, 
  as 
  if 
  frightened 
  out 
  of 
  their 
  wits. 
  So 
  ijeculiar 
  is 
  their 
  

   mode 
  of 
  entering 
  a 
  lighted 
  room, 
  that 
  one 
  can 
  usually 
  tell 
  what 
  moth 
  

   is 
  coming 
  by 
  its 
  peculiar, 
  noisy 
  mode 
  of 
  entrance. 
  The 
  moth 
  is 
  reddish- 
  

   brown, 
  very 
  thick-bodied, 
  clothed 
  in 
  a 
  thick 
  coat 
  of 
  long 
  hairs, 
  and 
  with 
  

   short, 
  broad, 
  strong 
  wings, 
  as 
  it 
  flies 
  swiftly. 
  It 
  is 
  reddish-brown, 
  

   with 
  two 
  oblique, 
  dirty-white 
  lines 
  on 
  the 
  fore 
  wings, 
  which 
  expand 
  

   when 
  outstretched, 
  about 
  an 
  inch 
  and 
  a 
  half. 
  Early 
  in 
  July 
  the 
  female 
  

   lays 
  her 
  eggs, 
  in 
  bunches 
  of 
  from 
  three 
  hundred 
  to 
  four 
  hundred. 
  They 
  

   are 
  placed 
  side 
  by 
  side, 
  in 
  a 
  mass 
  surrounding 
  the 
  twigs 
  (Plate 
  LXIX, 
  Fig. 
  

   5, 
  c), 
  and 
  after 
  they 
  are 
  thus 
  stuck 
  on 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  surround 
  the 
  branch 
  like 
  

  

  