﻿800 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SURVEY, 
  

  

  having 
  become 
  full-fed, 
  made 
  their 
  way 
  upward 
  to 
  a 
  mean 
  distance 
  of 
  

   about 
  13 
  inches 
  below 
  the 
  surface, 
  where, 
  in 
  less 
  than 
  two 
  months, 
  they 
  

   all 
  changed 
  to 
  the 
  pupa 
  state, 
  and 
  in 
  October 
  and 
  November 
  the 
  per- 
  

   fect 
  beetle 
  appeared. 
  The 
  beetles, 
  however, 
  hibernate, 
  remaining 
  below 
  

   the 
  surface 
  for 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  five 
  or 
  six 
  months 
  and 
  appearing 
  in 
  April 
  

   and 
  May. 
  The 
  immature 
  larvsB, 
  warned 
  by 
  the 
  approaching 
  cold, 
  began 
  

   to 
  migrate 
  deep 
  down 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  in 
  October, 
  when 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  

   the 
  earth 
  was 
  ten 
  degrees 
  above 
  zero. 
  As 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  snow 
  melted 
  they 
  

   gradually 
  rose 
  toward 
  the 
  surface.' 
  

  

  "As 
  regards 
  the 
  time 
  and 
  mode 
  of 
  laying 
  the 
  eggs, 
  we 
  quote 
  from 
  Dr. 
  

   Lockwood 
  as 
  follows: 
  'On 
  the 
  evening 
  of 
  the 
  13th 
  June 
  last 
  we 
  

   caught 
  in 
  the 
  drug-store, 
  Kejport, 
  whither 
  they 
  were 
  attracted 
  by 
  the 
  

   profusion 
  of 
  light, 
  four 
  Gotalpas, 
  representing 
  both 
  sexes. 
  These 
  were 
  

   taken 
  home 
  and 
  well 
  cared 
  for. 
  On 
  the 
  16th 
  a 
  pair 
  coupled. 
  A 
  jar 
  of 
  

   earth 
  was 
  at 
  once 
  provided, 
  and 
  the 
  beetles 
  placed 
  on 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  dirt. 
  

   In 
  the 
  evening 
  the 
  female 
  burrowed 
  and 
  disappeared. 
  ISTear 
  midnigh-t 
  

   she 
  had 
  not 
  returned 
  to 
  the 
  surface; 
  next 
  morning 
  she 
  had 
  re-appeai^d. 
  

   The 
  earth 
  was 
  then 
  very 
  carefully 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  jar, 
  and, 
  as 
  removed, 
  

   was 
  inspected 
  with 
  a 
  glass 
  of 
  wide 
  field 
  but 
  low 
  power. 
  Fourteen 
  eggs 
  

   were 
  found, 
  not 
  laid 
  (as 
  we 
  expected) 
  in 
  one 
  spot 
  or 
  group, 
  but 
  singly 
  

   and 
  at 
  different 
  depths. 
  I 
  was 
  surprised 
  at 
  their 
  great 
  size. 
  Laid 
  

   lengthwise, 
  end 
  touching 
  end, 
  two 
  eggs 
  measured 
  very 
  nearly 
  three- 
  

   sixteenths 
  of 
  an 
  inch. 
  They 
  were 
  like 
  white 
  wax, 
  semi-translucent 
  ; 
  in 
  

   form, 
  long-ovoid 
  and 
  perfectly 
  symmetrical. 
  On 
  the 
  13th 
  of 
  July 
  one 
  

   had 
  hatched 
  ; 
  the 
  grub 
  was 
  well 
  formed 
  and 
  very 
  lively. 
  Its 
  dimen- 
  

   sions 
  were 
  about 
  five-sixteenths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  length 
  and 
  about 
  three- 
  

   thirtieths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  thickness. 
  It 
  was 
  a 
  dull 
  white, 
  the 
  head-plate 
  

   precisely 
  that 
  dull 
  yellow 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  adult 
  grub, 
  the 
  legs 
  the 
  same 
  

   color, 
  and 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  lead-color, 
  the 
  skin 
  being 
  

   transparent. 
  For 
  food, 
  a 
  sod 
  of 
  white 
  clover 
  {Trifolium 
  repeats) 
  was 
  

   given 
  them, 
  roots 
  downward, 
  knowing 
  that 
  the 
  young 
  larvfB 
  would 
  

   come 
  upward 
  to 
  eat. 
  They 
  were 
  then 
  left 
  undisturbed 
  until 
  August 
  

   19, 
  when 
  the 
  sod 
  was 
  removed, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  grubs 
  had 
  

   eaten 
  into 
  it, 
  thus 
  making 
  little 
  oval 
  chambers, 
  which 
  were 
  enlarged 
  as 
  

   the 
  eating 
  went 
  on. 
  They 
  were 
  carefully 
  picked 
  out 
  and 
  a 
  fresh 
  sod 
  of 
  

   grass 
  and 
  clover 
  supplied. 
  They 
  had 
  now 
  grown 
  five-eighths 
  of 
  an 
  

   inch 
  in 
  length, 
  preserving 
  the 
  same 
  colors. 
  

  

  " 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  possible 
  that 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  escaped 
  me 
  in 
  the 
  search. 
  

   I 
  am 
  of 
  opinion, 
  however, 
  that 
  from 
  fifteen 
  to 
  twentv 
  is 
  the 
  average 
  

   number 
  laid 
  by 
  one 
  beetle. 
  In 
  short, 
  the 
  insect 
  lays" 
  her 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  

   night, 
  probably 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  twenty. 
  The 
  hatching 
  of 
  these 
  required 
  

   in 
  the 
  present 
  instance 
  twenty-seven 
  days. 
  It 
  must 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  

   a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  this 
  time 
  was 
  remarkably 
  cold 
  and 
  wet. 
  It 
  is 
  almost 
  

   certain 
  that 
  with 
  favorable 
  thermal 
  conditions 
  this 
  might 
  be 
  lessened 
  

   fully 
  seven 
  days. 
  

  

  " 
  Regarding 
  its 
  ravages 
  in 
  strawberry 
  -beds, 
  I 
  cannot 
  do 
  better 
  than 
  

   quote 
  from 
  Dr. 
  Lock 
  wood's 
  excellent 
  account 
  in 
  the 
  American 
  Naturalist 
  : 
  

   ' 
  When 
  on 
  a 
  visit 
  in 
  September 
  last 
  to 
  the 
  farm 
  of 
  a 
  celebrated 
  straw- 
  

   berry-grower 
  in 
  Monmouth 
  County, 
  New 
  Jersey, 
  my 
  attention 
  was 
  

   directed 
  to 
  certain 
  large 
  patches 
  badly 
  thinned 
  out 
  by, 
  as 
  tlie 
  phrase 
  

   went, 
  " 
  the 
  worm." 
  The 
  plants 
  were 
  dead 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  and 
  easily 
  

   pulled 
  up, 
  the 
  roots 
  being 
  eaten 
  off^ 
  below. 
  It 
  was 
  observable 
  that 
  the 
  

   fields 
  which 
  presented 
  the 
  worst 
  appearance 
  were 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  kind 
  

   of 
  plant— 
  that 
  known 
  as 
  Wilson's 
  Albany 
  Seedling. 
  Besides 
  this 
  there 
  

   were 
  nine 
  other 
  varieties 
  under 
  culture, 
  Barnes' 
  Mammoth, 
  Scbenck's 
  

   Excelsior, 
  the 
  Agriculturist, 
  Triomphe 
  de 
  Gaud, 
  Cutter's 
  Seedling, 
  the 
  

  

  