088 Ul{. Jl. li. FANTIIAM 0\ TIIK []\Tiiy ."i, 



Lesions cniLsed by coeciilin in the iiiucdus iiienilji-nne may 

 ndniit bacteria to the circulation of the liuist. [Cobbett and 

 Craham-Sniith (1910), pp. 24, 25]. Rett^er (1909) believe.s that 

 '■ wliite diarrhoea" of t'owlss in Anieiica is due to a bacterium, 

 wliile Morse (1908) con.siders that it is primarily due to coccidiosis. 

 The di.screpancy between the results of these American workers 

 is thus capable of explanation. 



VII. CONCLUDI.VG KeMAHKS. 



Ehneria ariavi of gi-onse is not restricted to this particular 

 bii-d, for b}- administering faeces confciining oocysts from diseased 

 grouse to young fowl chicks and pigeons, I have been able to 

 reproduce the disease exactly as it occurs in grouse (p. 074). 

 M'Fadyean (1894) found coccidiosis in pheasants, while "white 

 diarrluTea, " of fowls has been the subject of much investigation, 

 particularly recently in America, where Morse (1908) and Hadley 

 (1909) have worked on the subject. Morse's account of pre- 

 \entive measures is very good and he also notes coccidiosis in 

 many other birds, but the figures of the comjilete life-cycle of the 

 jiarasite are not yet published. Labbe (1890) also has descrilicd 

 coccidiosis ii:i certain maiine birds. 



Though coccidiosis is peculiarly fatal to grouse chicks durii.g 

 the first few weeks of theii' lives, adult grouse also can becun.e 

 infected, for I have examined an adult bird that probably died of 

 coccidiosis. Old birds in the chronic condition serve as reservoirs 

 of oficy.sts and so may form sources of new infections on the 

 moors. All infected corpses should be burned, not buried. 



I may add that, while correcting the pi'oofs of this memoir. I 

 have been able to examine pheasant chicks dying from coccidiosis, 

 the ])irds being obtained through the couitesy of Drs. iShipley 

 and Hammond-Smith from various parts of England during June 

 and July 1910. 



The economic importance of coccidiosis in birds, especially in 

 tiie young, is evident, and 1 trust that this work, which to the 

 best of my belief is the first fidly illustrated and detailed life- 

 histuiy of an avian t'occidium, \\\:\\ draw more attention to 

 a subject I)oth of great .scientilic iut crest and of practical 

 importance. 



Rf'ferences to Literature. 



CoiiHin'T, L., and (iRAHam-Smitii, G. S. (1910). — "An Investigation 



of the Pathology of '(house Di.sease.'" Journ. Hvgiene, x. 



pp. 1-36, 5 pis. 

 DoFl.KiN, F. (1909).— Leh)])uch der Frotozoenkunde. 914 i>p. 



(4. Fischer. ,)ena. (Uoccidia, pp. 010-053.) 

 Fantmam, H. W. (li)09). — "Coccidiosis in (Jrouse Chicks" 



( Pi-elim. Note). Ali.stract of Proc. Zool. S»)c. Loud.. No. 70 ; 



also P. Z. S. I9()i). ).,,. 8,S0--7. 



