728 DR. II. B. FANTIIAM 0\ [Miiy 3, 



The.se elements niny collect iu clunips, iiuJ show a marked 

 tendency to degeneration. 



Red cells without nuclei were occa.sionally found in the blood 

 of grouse. Such non-nucleate cells, howevei', were very rare. 



At times there also appeared to be a number of free nuclei in 

 the blood of grouse. In this connection we may note that 

 Warthin (1907) found 16'5 per cent, of degenerated cells iu the 

 blood of normal fowls. 



Eri/throhlasis occur in the blood of grouse in small numbers. 

 The cells, which are nucleated, are rounder than erythrocytes, 

 and are devoid of hannoglobin. The nucleus of an erythroblast 

 is moi-e s})herical than that of an erythrocyte. The general 

 cytoplasm is homogeneous, staining blue with Giemsa's .stain. 



The numljer of leucocytes found per culiic millimetre in the 

 blood of apparently healthy grouse varied from 22,UUU to 5U,000, 

 averaging about 32,000 per c.nnn. 



The average results of the difierential counts of leucoc3-tes of 

 apparently healthy grouse may be tabulated thus : — 



Lymphocytes 57 per cent. 



Large mononuclears 19 ,, „ 



Polymorphonuclears (crystalloid eosinophiles) . 20 ,, „ 



Eosinophiles (coarsely granular eo.sinophiles)... 3 „ „ 



Mast cells (basophiles) 1 ,, „ 



The difficult comi^utations are tho.se of the large mononuclears 

 and lymphocvtes. There are many medium sized mononuclears 

 in grouse, which diflerent observer's would classify diiiei'eutly. 



IV. Pathological Blood of Grouse. 



The association of altered conditions of the blood with the 

 })resence of protozoal pai'asites has been noted already, and I have 

 found certain alterations in the relative proportions of the blood 

 cells of grouse that harboured Protozoa — Leucoc3tozoa., Spiro- 

 clijotes and Coccidia — while other ditt'erenccs are to be associated 

 with helminthiasis. The results may now be sunnnarised : — 



(a) When 6'pirochceta lagopodis [Fantham (1910)] Avas present in 

 the blood of grouse, as it wfis to some extent in two specimens, 

 the number of mononuclear leucocytes increased and these leuco- 

 cytes became .slightly enlarged and vacuolated (PL LXIII. fig. 9). 

 Levaditi (1901) noticed the presence of vacuolated mononuclear 

 leucocytes in the })lood of fowls infected with Spirochata galli- 

 variun, together with mononuclear and polynuclcar leucocytosis. 

 HalFonr (litOM) found vacuolated mononuclear leucocytes in the 

 lilood of fowls suffering from spirocha>tosis in the Soudan. The 

 infection of grouse witli S. hojapodis was probably not nearly as 



